{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T08:19:57Z","timestamp":1783066797293,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Family Assistance","award":["Grant No. 90ZJ0040-01-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No. 90ZJ0040-01-02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Promotion Practice"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study evaluated the Fathers Empowered to Learn, Lead, and Achieve Success (FELLAS\u00ae) fatherhood program. Outcomes commonly used in fatherhood program evaluations align with key social determinants of health (SDOH) identified in Healthy People 2030, including economic stability, family functioning, and social relationships. Examining these outcomes provides insight into how fatherhood programs may influence upstream determinants of health behavior and long-term well-being.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fathers participated in a 35-hour, multi-component intervention designed to improve life skills, parenting practices, relationship functioning, and economic stability. The analytic sample included 216 fathers who completed questionnaires at pretest, posttest, and six-month follow-up. Outcomes included five multi-item self-report scales (attitudes toward finances, parenting skills, father involvement, conflict resolution, and communication with partner) and two employment indicators (unemployment and full-time employment). Qualitative focus groups were conducted to assess participant experiences and perceived skill development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants demonstrated statistically significant improvements from pretest to posttest across all seven outcome measures. Improvements were sustained at six-month follow-up for six outcomes, with attenuation observed for father involvement. Significant reductions in unemployment and increases in full-time employment were observed and maintained over time. Qualitative findings supported these results, with participants reporting improvements in parenting, relationships, communication, and employment-related behaviors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>FELLAS demonstrated meaningful improvements in outcomes aligned with SDOH domains. These findings suggest that fatherhood programs may contribute to improved family and population health through upstream pathways. Results from this descriptive evaluation provide a foundation for more rigorous future research examining causal effects and mechanisms of change.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15248399261459101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T08:37:46Z","timestamp":1782808666000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Embedding Responsible Fatherhood Programming in Health Behavior Research: End-of-Project Results From the FELLAS Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6910-1801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Young","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Evidence-Based Programming, Hot Springs National Park, AR, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partnership for Maternal &amp; Child Health of Northern New Jersey, Irvington, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marielle","family":"Natera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partnership for Maternal &amp; Child Health of Northern New Jersey, Irvington, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partnership for Maternal &amp; Child Health of Northern New Jersey, Irvington, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher B.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western Michigan University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Bermudez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partnership for Maternal &amp; Child Health of Northern New Jersey, Irvington, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Pineiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Evidence-Based Programming, Hot Springs National Park, AR, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7306-4759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tonychris","family":"Nnaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing and Division of Research Innovation-Center for Health Research and Innovation, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen J. 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S.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Manno M. S., Harknett K., Sarfo B., Bickerton A. (2021). Children and fathers bonding: Findings from the B3 study of the Just Beginning Parenting Program (OPRE Report No.2021-132). Office of Planning, Research, and Evaluation, Administration for Children and Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marmot M. (2016). Better parenting skills may break the poverty\u2013disease connection. Scientific American 314(3). https:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/better-parenting-skills-may-break-the-poverty-disease-connection\/","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0316-23"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neppl T. K. Wedmore H. Senia J. M. Jeon S. Diggs O. N. (2019). Couple interaction and child social competence: The role of parenting and attachment. 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