{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T11:16:01Z","timestamp":1784200561382,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Endovasc Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the sensitivity of measuring iliac vein stenosis using two-dimensional digital subtraction angiography (2D-DSA) and three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography (3D-DSA), with multidetector computed tomography venography (MDCTV) as the reference standard.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between January 2020 and January 2023, a total of 103 patients suffered from chronic venous insufficiency symptoms categorized as CEAP Level 3 or above were included from three centers. These patients were admitted to our hospital after abdominal vascular ultrasound and MDCTV positivity. During hospitalization, all patients underwent both 2D-DSA and 3D-DSA procedures simultaneously. Ensure double-blind and rigorous evaluation process when evaluating images. All patients were categorized into two groups based on the degree of CTV stenosis: Group A (50%\u201370%) and Group B (&gt;70%). Considering the morphology of iliac vein compression, all patients were categorized into three groups: central, lateral, and partial obstruction. Subsequently, the effectiveness analysis was performed for each diagnostic method based on the aforementioned classification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With MDCTV as the reference standard, in Group A, the sensitivity of 2D-DSA and 3D-DSA is 78.69% and 90.48%, respectively. In Group B, the sensitivity of 2D-DSA and 3D-DSA is 93.44% and 97.62%, respectively. In Group A, the accuracy of 3D-DSA is significantly higher than that of 2D-DSA (p\u2009=\u20090.019). However, there is no statistically significant difference in Group B (p\u2009=\u20090.360). The accuracy rates for central, lateral, and partial obstruction using 2D-DSA are, respectively, 77.55%, 69.70%, and 95.24%. The accuracy rates for central, lateral, and partial obstruction using 3D-DSA are, respectively, 93.88%, 93.94%, and 100%. In central group, the accuracy of 3D-DSA is significantly higher than that of 2D-DSA (p\u2009=\u20090.021). In lateral group, no significant difference was observed between the accuracy obtained by both methods (p\u2009=\u20090.011). Similarly, no significant difference was found in partial obstruction group (p\u2009=\u20091.000). During the angiography procedure using 3D-DSA, a significant reduction was observed in both contrast agent quantity and exposure time (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) without any apparent effects on renal function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Regardless of the degree or type of iliac vein stenosis, 3D-DSA exhibits superior sensitivity compared to 2D-DSA for the diagnosis and evaluation of stenosis. Particularly in instances of noncentral stenosis, 3D-DSA outperforms 2D-DSA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Impact<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This will provide new insights for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS), significantly enhancing the diagnostic accuracy of IVCS. For clinicians, three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography (3D-DSA)offers a more comprehensive and detailed assessment in clinical practice, leading to more precise diagnosis and treatment of the disease. The efficacy of two-dimensional digital subtraction angiography (2D-DSA) in treating IVCS is significantly compromised without the guidance from computed tomography venography (CTV). We consider that 3D-DSA can replace CTV in both diagnosis and treatment, providing a new diagnostic and therapeutic strategy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15266028251326768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T07:40:26Z","timestamp":1742197226000},"page":"2056-2063","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effectiveness of 2D-DSA and 3D-DSA in the Evaluation of Iliac Vein Stenosis: A Multicenter Prospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7764-2754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianli","family":"Luan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yubin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, Linyi Peoples\u2019 Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruipeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interventional Vascular Surgery, Qingdao Huang Dao District Central Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, Qingdao Shinan District People\u2019s Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianlie","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenyuan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongqiao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingjin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junjun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China"},{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"912","article-title":"A vascular spur in the vena iliaca communis sinistra as a cause of predominantly left-sided thrombosis of the pelvic veins","volume":"45","author":"May R","year":"1956","unstructured":"May R, Thurner J. 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