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Face-to-face interviews with 7 low-income African American women who do and do not obtain Pap smears (between 21 and 37 years of age) were conducted at a health department about their social influence, previous health care experience, and cognitive appraisal regarding Pap smears and cervical cancer. Women were found to be socially influenced by their family and their physician. Previous health care experience with the Pap and pelvic was perceived as negative. Cognitively, Pap smears were believed to test for sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV, and the women also felt that if one took good care of oneself it reduced the risk for cervical cancer. It was concluded that exploring beliefs associated with Pap smears and perceptions of vulnerability to cervical cancer and giving correct information and counseling may increase Pap smear screening in women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1527154408318097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,20]],"date-time":"2008-05-20T15:43:55Z","timestamp":1211298235000},"page":"50-60","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Personal Influencing Factors Associated With Pap Smear Testing and Cervical Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Kelly","family":"Ackerson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan School of Nursing"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Pohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan School of Nursing"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa Kane","family":"Low","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of LS&A, University of Michigan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"Cancer facts and figures 2005","author":"American Cancer Society.","year":"2005"},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"Patient education","author":"American Society for Colposcopy &amp; Cervical Cancer Pathology.","year":"2006"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2004.05.003"},{"key":"atypb4","first-page":"1355","volume":"104","author":"Behbakht, K.","year":"2004","journal-title":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6909.2001.tb01541.x","volume":"30","author":"Boyer, L.E.","year":"2001","journal-title":"JOGNN Clinical Issues"},{"key":"atypb6","first-page":"142","volume":"17","author":"Carter, J.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Cancer Education"},{"key":"atypb7","volume-title":"HPV communication outreach (Report No.2001-Q00133 [E-40])","author":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention.","year":"2002"},{"key":"atypb8","volume-title":"National breast and cervical cancer early detection program","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.","year":"2005"},{"key":"atypb9","volume-title":"Immunization update 2006. 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