{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T11:03:50Z","timestamp":1783767830137,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756339200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>West Nile Virus (WNV) infection is endemic in Italy, but it has rarely reported in humans in Southern Italy. We report the first human outbreak of WNV infection in the Campania region, Italy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five confirmed and seven probable cases of WNV were identified from August to September 2024. Predominantly affecting elderly males with comorbidities, all but one patient developed West Nile neuroinvasive disease, presenting with fever and impaired consciousness. Remdesivir was administered off-label in four cases, potentially reducing hospitalization and improving outcomes. Mortality was limited to two cases, attributed to bacterial infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The outbreak underscores the importance of heightened surveillance in Italy and raises the potential for remdesivir in WNV treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15303667251360262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T19:30:56Z","timestamp":1759951856000},"page":"565-567","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Outbreak of Human Neuroinvasive West Nile Virus Infection in Campania, Italy, August\u2013September 2024"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Nunzia","family":"Esposito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples \u201cFederico II,\u201d Naples, Italy."},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, AORN San Pio Benevento (BN), Naples, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3989-2520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulio","family":"Viceconte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples \u201cFederico II,\u201d Naples, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidia","family":"Festa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples \u201cFederico II,\u201d Naples, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco Antimo","family":"Alf\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples \u201cFederico II,\u201d Naples, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Canio","family":"Carriero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, AORN San Pio Benevento (BN), Naples, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessio Vinicio","family":"Codella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, AORN San Pio Benevento (BN), Naples, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Glielmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, AORN San Pio Benevento (BN), Naples, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Forgione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, AORN San Pio Benevento (BN), Naples, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio Riccardo","family":"Buonomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples \u201cFederico II,\u201d Naples, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franco Carmine","family":"Muccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, AORN San Pio Benevento (BN), Benevento, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcello","family":"Lamberti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Management Department, AORN San Pio Benevento (BN), Benevento, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Alfano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Grazia","family":"Coppola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Virology, Azienda dei Colli, P.O \u201cD. Cotugno,\u201d Naples, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo Salomone","family":"Megna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, AORN San Pio Benevento (BN), Naples, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Gentile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples \u201cFederico II,\u201d Naples, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0812.020234"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.29.2200548"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1314738"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","unstructured":"European Commission. Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2018\/945 of 22 June 2018 on the Communicable Diseases and Related Special Health Issues to Be Covered by Epidemiological Surveillance as Well as Relevant Case Definitions. 2012. Available from: https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/en\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX%3A32018D0945 [Last accessed: November23 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","unstructured":"Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0 - ISS. Istituto Superiore Di Sanit\u00e0 and the Ministry of Health. Surveillance of West Nile and Usutu Virus Infections in Humans Summer-Fall Season 2023. 2023. Available from: https:\/\/www.epicentro.iss.it\/westnile\/bollettino\/Bollettino_WND_2023_18.pdf [Last accessed: November24 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","unstructured":"Italian Ministry of Health. National Plan for the Prevention Surveillance and Response to Arboviruses 2020-2025. Rome; 2019. Available from: https:\/\/www.salute.gov.it\/imgs\/C_17_pubblicazioni_2947_allegato.pdf [Last accessed: November23 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2020.104899"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.36.2200653"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.32.1800427"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.17.20.20172-en"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmicom.2024.105034"}],"container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15303667251360262","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15303667251360262","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15303667251360262","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T06:00:22Z","timestamp":1777701622000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1177\/15303667251360262"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15303667251360262"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15303667251360262","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-3667","1557-7759"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-3667","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7759","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]]}}}