{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T17:08:50Z","timestamp":1794071330837,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lyme borreliosis (LB) is the most common tick-borne disease in Europe. Incidence is increasing partly due to climate change and changing human behaviors. This review compiled updated national European LB surveillance data to assess recent incidence trends from 2015 to 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Publicly available LB surveillance data sources were identified for 29 European countries. Cases were collected from reports and dashboards. Estimates of population-based incidence were calculated. Countries were categorized based on their case classification criteria and geographic region. Subnational regions were classified as high-incidence areas if they reported \u226510 cases per 100,000 population per year (PPY) over a three-year period. The percentage of people residing in these high-incidence regions was calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An average of 132,000 LB cases were reported to surveillance systems annually. Countries that included both erythema migrans and laboratory-confirmed LB cases in their reporting had the highest incidence rates\u2014particularly Estonia, Finland, and Slovenia, exceeding 100 cases per 100,000 PPY. Overall, variation of incidence at the subnational level was observed, showing incidence at the national level can mask subnational differences in rates. Temporary decreases in incidence were observed during 2019\u20132021, but incidence increased from 2021 to 2023. A minimum of 223 million people, equating to 30% of the entire European population and 51% of those living in a European country with available subnational data, live in an area with high LB incidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High LB incidence across Europe was observed from 2015 to 2023, particularly in parts of Northern, Eastern, and Western Europe. For nearly 70% of countries with recently published LB surveillance, incidence increased an average of 36% in the last two years of reporting. These findings emphasize the need for continued monitoring of LB across Europe and new public health prevention tools, such as enhanced tick prevention campaigns, improved education among health care providers, and effective vaccines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15303667251363125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T14:27:33Z","timestamp":1759847253000},"page":"569-579","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Lyme Borreliosis Incidence Across Europe, 2015\u20132023: A Surveillance-Based Review and Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2477-7794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Davidson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Vaccines Medical Affairs, Pfizer Research &amp; Development, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Vaccines Medical Affairs, Pfizer Research &amp; Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon","family":"Brestrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Vaccines Medical Affairs, Pfizer Research &amp; Development, Berlin, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer C.","family":"Moisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Vaccines Medical Affairs, Pfizer Research &amp; Development, Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Jodar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Vaccines Medical Affairs, Pfizer Research &amp; Development, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James H.","family":"Stark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Vaccines Medical Affairs, Pfizer Research &amp; Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.107242"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-006-0167-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-13669-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_1","article-title":"Recent progress in lyme disease and remaining challenges","volume":"8","author":"Bobe JR","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bobe JR, , Jutras BL, , Horn EJ, et al. Recent progress in lyme disease and remaining challenges. Front Med (Lausanne), 2021; 8:666554.","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04944-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.13180"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2024.102326"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2022.0071"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Lyme Disease (Borrelia burgdorferi) 2022 Case Definition [Online]. 2021. Available from: https:\/\/ndc.services.cdc.gov\/case-definitions\/lyme-disease-2022\/ [Last accessed: November1 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.20.1800453"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_1","volume-title":"A Systematic Literature Review on the Diagnostic Accuracy of Serological Tests for Lyme Borrelios","author":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control","year":"2016","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. A Systematic Literature Review on the Diagnostic Accuracy of Serological Tests for Lyme Borrelios. ECDC: Stockholm; 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_1","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Surveillance Atlas of Infectious Diseases [Online]. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control; 2024. Available from: https:\/\/atlas.ecdc.europa.eu\/public\/index.aspx [Last accessed: November25 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_1","unstructured":"European Union. Commission implementing decision (EU) 2018\/945 of 22 June 2018 on the communicable diseases and related special health issues to be covered by epidemiological surveillance as well as relevant case definitions. Official Journal of the European Union 2018. 170."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-14380-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2018.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed9050113"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0777-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20477724.2019.1598127"},{"issue":"27","key":"e_1_3_7_20_1","first-page":"488","article-title":"The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on routine hospital care for other illnesses","volume":"117","author":"Kuhlen R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kuhlen R, , Schmithausen D, , Winklmair C, et al. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on routine hospital care for other illnesses. 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