{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T23:21:10Z","timestamp":1785280870784,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":150,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This Lyme borreliosis (LB) and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Borrelia burgdorferi sensu<\/jats:italic>\n                      lato (Bbsl)-infected\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ixodes<\/jats:italic>\n                      ticks surveillance review\u2014from the WHO regions of the Americas, Eastern Mediterranean, Europe, South-East Asia, and Western Pacific\u2014is informed by LB cases or incidence, Bbsl antibody seroprevalence, and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ixodes<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">I.<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) tick surveillance results from publications (2005\u20132022) and recent government websites.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      LB cases, by the WHO region\u2014country, were documented in the following: the Americas\u2014Brazil and M\u00e9xico; Europe\u2014Russian Federation and T\u00fcrkiye; South-East Asia\u2014India; and Western Pacific\u2014Japan, Mongolia, and South Korea. Mean incidence, cases\/100,000 population per year (country, period), was as follows: Europe, 4.8 (Russian Federation, 2009\u20132021); Western Pacific, 0.01 (Japan, 2005\u20132021) and 0.03 (South Korea, 2012\u20132021). Two-tier testing Bbsl antibody seroprevalence estimate ranges were as follows: the Americas, 1.0\u20136.2% (Brazil), 4.6% (Colombia), and 23.1% (M\u00e9xico); Europe, 0\u201315.8% (T\u00fcrkiye); South-East Asia, 0.4\u20133.0% (India); and Western Pacific, 0\u201314.0% (Mongolia).\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ixodes<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0tick surveillance was presented by species (nymph, adult, or not reported, NR, life stage and [Bbsl-infected proportion]): the Americas\u2014M\u00e9xico,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">I. scapularis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (NR [34.2%]); Eastern Mediterranean\u2014Iran,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">I. ricinus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (adult [0.9%\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Borrelia<\/jats:italic>\n                      ]); Europe\u2014Russian Federation,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">I. ricinus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (nymph [27.3%], nymph\/adult [33.4%], adult\/NR [9.8\u201380.4%]) and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">I. persulcatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (adult\/NR [12.0\u201375.3%]) and T\u00fcrkiye,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">I. ricinus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (adult\/NR [19.9%]); and Western Pacific\u2014Japan,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">I. persulcatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (nymph [0\u201310.0%], nymph\/adult [1.8\u201323.6%], adult\/NR [detected\u2013up to 25.5%]) and Mongolia,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">I. persulcatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (nymph [detected], nymph\/adult [49.4%], adult [7.0\u201349.7%]).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LB burden might be underrecognized in certain countries of the Americas, Eastern Mediterranean, and South-East Asia, whereas LB cases or incidence, Bbsl antibody seroprevalence, and Bbsl-infected tick presence is established in certain countries of WHO Europe (Russian Federation and T\u00fcrkiye) and Western Pacific (Japan, Korea, and Mongolia), and LB could be present in neighboring countries within these WHO regions (PROSPERO: CRD42021236906).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15303667251364142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T11:26:29Z","timestamp":1762773989000},"page":"627-643","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Lyme Borreliosis and Tick Surveillance Epidemiology in the WHO Regions of the Americas, Eastern Mediterranean, Europe, South-East Asia, and Western Pacific: A Systematic Literature Review (2005\u20132022) Beyond North America (Canada, United States of America), European Union Countries, and China"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Leah","family":"Burn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"EpidemWorks, Solebury, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Fletcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer Vaccines Research &amp; 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