{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T22:13:28Z","timestamp":1784585608673,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767139200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Health Research (DHR) Govt of India","award":["GIA\/33\/2014-DHR"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GIA\/33\/2014-DHR"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Q fever, caused by\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                      , is an underdiagnosed zoonotic disease with significant public health implications. Serological tests remain the diagnostic cornerstone but often fail in early infection. This study investigates the utility of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the IS1111 gene for molecular detection of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                      in human clinical samples from a resource-limited setting.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A retrospective PCR-based study was conducted on 243 archived clinical specimens collected from febrile patients across 11 districts of North India. DNA was extracted and subjected to conventional PCR targeting the IS1111 insertion sequence. Samples positive for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                      were further evaluated for coinfection with rickettsial pathogens using real-time and nested PCRs. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed on positive samples to determine genetic relationships.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                      DNA was detected in 4 of 243 samples (1.64%). Half the positive cases belonged to the patients in 1\u201315 year age group, and two had coinfections with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Orientia tsutsugamushi<\/jats:italic>\n                      . One case showed coinfection with spotted fever group rickettsia. Clinical features included fever (100%), myalgia (75%), and rash (25%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolates clustered with the Z3055 reference strain, indicating a close genetic relationship to known zoonotic strains.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PCR targeting IS1111 is a valuable diagnostic tool for early detection of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                      , particularly in settings where serological testing is delayed or unavailable. Detection in pediatric patients and coinfection with other rickettsiae underscore the need for broader diagnostic consideration of Q fever in endemic febrile illnesses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15303667251392365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T07:49:26Z","timestamp":1761810566000},"page":"137-142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Molecular Insights into Q Fever: PCR-Based Detection of\n                    <i>Coxiella burnetii<\/i>\n                    from Clinical Specimens\u2014A Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital of North India"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Bashir Ahmad","family":"Fomda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Jammu and Kashmir, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uksim","family":"Qadri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Jammu and Kashmir, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mubashir","family":"Nazir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Jammu and Kashmir, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Altaf Hussain","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Jammu and Kashmir, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"03","key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of Q fever\u2014United States, 2013: Recommendations from CDC and the Q Fever Working Group","volume":"62","author":"Anderson A","year":"2013","unstructured":"Anderson A, , Bijlmer H, , Fournier PE, et al. Diagnosis and management of Q fever\u2014United States, 2013: Recommendations from CDC and the Q Fever Working Group. MMWR Recomm Rep, 2013; 62(RR-03):1\u201330. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23535757\/","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2005010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01141-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2004.01019.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/5.4.790"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2018.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00045-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.7.1823-1834.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.18.08.20407-en"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1108.041354"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0092"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03221-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01723-12"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","first-page":"41","article-title":"Molecular investigation of Coxiella burnetii infections in aborted sheep in eastern Turkey","volume":"17","author":"K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 A","year":"2016","unstructured":"K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 A, , Kalender H, , Ko\u00e7 O, et al. Molecular investigation of Coxiella burnetii infections in aborted sheep in eastern Turkey. Iran J Vet Res, 2016; 17(1):41\u201344. https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC4898019\/","journal-title":"Iran J Vet Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-6-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_1","first-page":"954","article-title":"Scrub typhus","volume":"53","author":"Mahajan SK","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mahajan SK. Scrub typhus. 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