{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:26:19Z","timestamp":1777940779261,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004320","name":"Shiraz University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["18466"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18466"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004320","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is one of the most common vector-borne diseases worldwide and is prevalent in many parts of Iran. Phlebotomine sand flies act as vectors, transmitting the parasite through blood feeding on infected hosts. This study aimed to identify the fauna and seasonal activity of sand flies and to detect\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                      DNA in vectors and human samples in rural areas of Bastak County, southern Iran, in 2021.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross-sectional survey was conducted from March 2020 to February 2021. Sand flies were collected indoors and outdoors every 15 days using sticky traps. After morphological identification and activity assessment, DNA was extracted from a subset of sand flies and from human lesion samples. PCR was applied to detect the presence of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                      parasites.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 2,747 sand flies were collected and identified. Activity showed two peaks, one in early March and another in early October. Eleven species were recorded, including four\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Phlebotomus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and seven\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Sergentomyia<\/jats:italic>\n                      species.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Phlebotomus alexandri<\/jats:italic>\n                      was the most abundant (49.1%). No\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                      DNA was detected in captured sand flies, whereas human samples revealed PCR bands (650 bp) consistent with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. major<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The presence of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. alexandri<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. papatasi<\/jats:italic>\n                      as dominant species highlights their potential epidemiological importance in Bastak County. These findings provide baseline information on sand fly fauna and activity, emphasizing the need for continued entomological surveillance and molecular monitoring to better understand leishmaniasis transmission in the region.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15303667251397746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T08:08:01Z","timestamp":1764317281000},"page":"40-48","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Investigation of Fauna, Seasonal Activity of Sand Flies, Determination of Leishmaniasis Vectors, and Human Infection Through Molecular Methods in Bastak, Hormozgan Province, 2021"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Mansour","family":"Rahimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Habibollah","family":"Turki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamzeh","family":"Alipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aboozar","family":"Soltani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitra","family":"Boroomand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kourosh","family":"Azizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2915.2000.00237.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004458"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.66.5.1933-1938.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20477724.2016.1253530"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/1364859411Y.0000000036"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2010.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(12)60090-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/789326"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjx205"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004728"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1486845"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fauna and monthly activity of sand flies at zoonotic cutaneous leishmanianisis focus in Damghan district, Semnan province (2008)","volume":"4","author":"Mohammadi S","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mohammadi S, , Rassi Y, , Oshaghi MA, et al. Fauna and monthly activity of sand flies at zoonotic cutaneous leishmanianisis focus in Damghan district, Semnan province (2008). Iran J Arthropod-Borne Dis, 2010; 4(2):1\u20138.","journal-title":"Iran J Arthropod-Borne Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Key for species identification of sandflies (Phlebotominae; Diptera) of Iran","volume":"5","author":"Nadim A","year":"1976","unstructured":"Nadim A, , Javadian E. Key for species identification of sandflies (Phlebotominae; Diptera) of Iran. 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