{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T12:11:47Z","timestamp":1789042307816,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Babesia<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Theileria<\/jats:italic>\n                      are among the most important tick-borne parasites causing zoonotic diseases worldwide. Due to the suitable geographical conditions and the extensive livestock industry in Ardabil Province, this study aimed to the molecularly identify tick-borne parasites in northwestern Iran in 2024.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this cross-sectional study, a comprehensive examination was conducted on 841 ticks collected from livestock to detect the presence of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Babesia<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Theileria<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. The study utilized polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">18S rRNA<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene, followed by sequencing to identify the tick-borne parasites. Sequence analysis was conducted using the data available in GenBank (PV449773, PV449749, PV493067, PV494101, and PV494132). Mega software (version 11) was used for genetic analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 841 ticks belonging to 211 herds of livestock were collected from 12 counties of Ardabil Province. Eleven tick species belonging to six genera were identified. The most abundant hard tick species was\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Rhipicephalus bursa<\/jats:italic>\n                      (42.26%), while the most abundant soft tick species was\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Argas persicus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (98.93%). PCR method analyses showed that out of 26 pooled samples, 6 (23.07%) pools were positive for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">18S rRNA Babesia<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp., and 4 (15.38%) pools were positive for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Theileria<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study confirmed the presence of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Babesia<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Theileria<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. parasites in ticks collected from Ardabil Province. The results demonstrated the occurrence of these pathogens, posing a potential risk to both livestock and human health. These findings highlight the need for continuous monitoring and preventive measures to control tick-borne diseases in the region.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15303667251403852","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T14:19:25Z","timestamp":1767968365000},"page":"24-33","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Molecular Detection of\n                    <i>Babesia<\/i>\n                    spp. and\n                    <i>Theileria<\/i>\n                    spp. in Ticks Collected from Livestock in Ardabil Province, Northwestern Iran"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Faraz","family":"Malek Bagali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Students Research Committee, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran."},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Medicine Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farzad","family":"Khademi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Medicine Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran."},{"name":"Arthropod-Borne Diseases Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Enferadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rezvaneh","family":"Golshani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Students Research Committee, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Heidari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Medicine Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran."},{"name":"Zoonoses Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","first-page":"35","article-title":"A retrospective study of tick fauna of Iraq\u2013checklist","volume":"4","author":"AbdulKarim AT","year":"2023","unstructured":"AbdulKarim AT, , Hatem AN, , Sh A-M. A retrospective study of tick fauna of Iraq\u2013checklist. Scientific Reports in Life Sci, 2023; 4(2):35\u201344.","journal-title":"Scientific Reports in Life Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182006001545"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2019.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1948-7134.2010.00075.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","unstructured":"Coley K. Identification guide to larval stages of ticks of medical importance in the USA. 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2017.27.284.10341"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118202400043X"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","first-page":"462","article-title":"Ovine theileriosis: Clinical, pathological and molecular investigations","volume":"9","author":"Eliwa M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eliwa M, , Mahran K, , Mousa W, et al. Ovine theileriosis: Clinical, pathological and molecular investigations. Adv Anim Vet Sci, 2021; 9(4):462\u2013472.","journal-title":"Adv Anim Vet Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2018.1357-1363"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"An overview of bovine theileriosis","volume":"4","author":"Ganaie Z","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ganaie Z, , Shahardar R, , Maqbool I, et al. An overview of bovine theileriosis. Int J Vet Sci Anim Husb, 2019; 4(1):9\u201313.","journal-title":"Int J Vet Sci Anim Husb"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","first-page":"289","article-title":"Molecular detection of Theileria spp. and Babesia ovis infection in sheep in Baneh","volume":"75","author":"Gh H","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gh H, , Sepahvand-Mohammadi E, , Afshari A, et al. Molecular detection of Theileria spp. and Babesia ovis infection in sheep in Baneh. Iran. Archives of Razi Institute, 2020; 75(2):289.","journal-title":"Iran. Archives of Razi Institute"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","first-page":"213","article-title":"Molecular identification and genotyping of Theileria orientalis Type 3 (Buffeli) isolated from cattle using Nested-PCR assay in Guilan Province","volume":"76","author":"Gh H","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gh H, , Shahedi A, , Afshari A, et al. Molecular identification and genotyping of Theileria orientalis Type 3 (Buffeli) isolated from cattle using Nested-PCR assay in Guilan Province. Iran. Archives of Razi Institute, 2021; 76(2):213.","journal-title":"Iran. Archives of Razi Institute"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12980\/JCLM.3.2015J5-73"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1998.11813307"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","first-page":"321","article-title":"Detection and molecular characterization of Babesia canis vogeli and Theileria annulata in free-ranging dogs and ticks from Shahriar County, Tehran Province, Iran","volume":"15","author":"Habibi G","year":"2020","unstructured":"Habibi G, , Imani A, , Afshari A, et al. Detection and molecular characterization of Babesia canis vogeli and Theileria annulata in free-ranging dogs and ticks from Shahriar County, Tehran Province, Iran. Iran J Parasitol, 2020; 15(3):321\u2013331.","journal-title":"Iran J Parasitol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-016-5368-8"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","article-title":"A four year epidemiological and chemotherapy survey of babesiosis and theileriosis, and tick vectors in sheep, cattle and goats in Dehgolan, Iran","volume":"64","author":"Hasheminasab SS","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hasheminasab SS, , Moradi P, , Wright I. A four year epidemiological and chemotherapy survey of babesiosis and theileriosis, and tick vectors in sheep, cattle and goats in Dehgolan, Iran. Ann Parasitol, 2018; 64(1).","journal-title":"Ann Parasitol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12627"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10091165"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11756-021-00966-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2018.2271"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","first-page":"99","article-title":"Molecular detection and identification of Theileria species by PCR-RFLP method in sheep from Ahvaz, Southern Iran","volume":"9","author":"Jalali SM","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jalali SM, , Khaki Z, , Kazemi B, et al. Molecular detection and identification of Theileria species by PCR-RFLP method in sheep from Ahvaz, Southern Iran. Iran J Parasitol, 2014; 9(1):99\u2013106.","journal-title":"Iran J Parasitol"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Identification and morphological key of Pakistani ticks","volume":"14","author":"Jamil M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jamil M, , Latif N, , Ullah A, et al. Identification and morphological key of Pakistani ticks. Egyptian Academic J Biolo Sci, E Medical Entomol & Parasitol, 2022; 14(2):1\u20135.","journal-title":"Egyptian Academic J Biolo Sci, E Medical Entomol & Parasitol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2298\/ABS140410009K"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","first-page":"36","article-title":"Biology and ecology of ticks of medical and veterinary importance","author":"Khan BA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khan BA, , Imran M, , Yousaf S. Biology and ecology of ticks of medical and veterinary importance. Veterinary Pathobiol & Public Health, 2021:36.","journal-title":"Veterinary Pathobiol & Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/525852"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2018.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idcr.2018.e00414"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-017-0133-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","first-page":"399","volume-title":"Babesia and Human Babesiosis","author":"Montero E","year":"2022","unstructured":"Montero E, , Gray J, , Lobo CA, et al. Babesia and Human Babesiosis. MDPI: 2022; p. 399."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Montero-Clemente E Gray J Lobo CA et al. Babesia and Human Babesiosis. 2022.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11040399"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","first-page":"179","article-title":"Diversity of hard tick populations and their geographical variations in Northwestern Iran","volume":"15","author":"Moradi R","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moradi R, , Moradi-Asl E, , Telmadarraiy Z, et al. Diversity of hard tick populations and their geographical variations in Northwestern Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis, 2021; 15(2):179\u2013186.","journal-title":"J Arthropod Borne Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106994"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-021-00396-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","unstructured":"Nabian S Rahbari S Shayan P et al. Current status of tick fauna in north of Iran. 2007."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-017-0899-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12502"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10020230"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","article-title":"Fauna of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and their seasonal infestation rate on Camelus dromedarius (Mammalia: Camelidae) in Masileh region, Qom province, Iran","volume":"6","author":"Pasalary M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pasalary M, , Arbabi M, , Pashei S, et al. Fauna of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and their seasonal infestation rate on Camelus dromedarius (Mammalia: Camelidae) in Masileh region, Qom province, Iran. Persian J Acarology, 2017; 6(1).","journal-title":"Persian J Acarology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","first-page":"299","volume-title":"Veterinary research forum","author":"Rajabi S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rajabi S, , Esmaeilnejad B, , Tavassoli M, et al. A molecular study on Babesia spp. in cattle and ticks in West-Azerbaijan province, Iran. In: Veterinary research forum. National Institutes of Health; 2017; p. 299."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-023-07792-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-3202.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5958\/0974-0813.2020.00014.5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5958\/0974-0813.2020.00014.5"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_46_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A review on Babesia spp. and tick vectors in animals in Iran","volume":"14","author":"Razmi G","year":"2022","unstructured":"Razmi G. A review on Babesia spp. and tick vectors in animals in Iran. Iran J Vet Sci Technol, 2022; 14(2):1\u201310.","journal-title":"Iran J Vet Sci Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_47_1","article-title":"A study of tick fauna in Tandoureh National Park, Khorasan Razavi province, Iran","volume":"20","author":"Razmi GR","year":"2012","unstructured":"Razmi GR, , Ramoon M. A study of tick fauna in Tandoureh National Park, Khorasan Razavi province, Iran. Acarina\u2013, 2012; 20(1).","journal-title":"Acarina\u2013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-025-01006-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2018.332-341"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_1","volume-title":"Phylogeny and Evolution of Theileria and Babesia Parasites in Selected Wild Herbivores of Kenya","author":"Wahome WL","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wahome WL. Phylogeny and Evolution of Theileria and Babesia Parasites in Selected Wild Herbivores of Kenya. COHES-JKUAT: 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_1","volume-title":"Molecular Detection of Theileria spp in Sheep and Vector Ticks in Fasa and Kazeroun areas, Fars Province, Iran","author":"Yaghfoori S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yaghfoori S, , Razmi G, , Heidarpour M. Molecular Detection of Theileria spp in Sheep and Vector Ticks in Fasa and Kazeroun areas, Fars Province, Iran. National Institutes of Health; 2013."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_52_1","first-page":"76","article-title":"Identification of Theileria species in sheep and vector ticks using PCR method in Zabol, Eastern Iran","volume":"13","author":"Zarei F","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zarei F, , Ganjali M, , Nabavi R. Identification of Theileria species in sheep and vector ticks using PCR method in Zabol, Eastern Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis, 2019; 13(1):76\u201382.","journal-title":"J Arthropod Borne Dis"}],"container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15303667251403852","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15303667251403852","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15303667251403852","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T06:00:41Z","timestamp":1777701641000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15303667251403852"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15303667251403852"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15303667251403852","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-3667","1557-7759"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-3667","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7759","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]}}}