{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:26:19Z","timestamp":1777940779558,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768176000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Anthrax is a zoonotic infection caused by\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bacillus anthracis,<\/jats:italic>\n                      predominantly affecting livestock, and may be transmitted to humans through direct or indirect contact with infected animals.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study included all children aged 0\u201318 years who presented to Erzurum City Hospital, a major regional referral center, between January 2019 and January 2020 and were either clinically diagnosed with anthrax or identified as high-risk contacts and received prophylaxis. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data, as well as treatment regimens, were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 13 children (median age: 9 years; range: 4\u201316) were included; 11 (84.6%) were male and 2 (15.4%) were female. All children were from rural areas; 10 (76.9%) had direct contact with sick animals or consumed contaminated animal products, and four (30.7%) asymptomatic children were evaluated due to a high-risk exposure. Cutaneous anthrax occurred in 9 (69.2%) patients, involving the hands (5\/9, 55.5%), forearms (2\/9, 22.2%), and feet (2\/9, 22.2%), all of whom developed a characteristic black eschar. Cultures and PCR were negative in all cases, and diagnoses were based on clinical and epidemiological criteria. Prophylaxis consisted of oral ciprofloxacin; therapeutic regimens included ciprofloxacin or amoxicillin\u2013clavulanate. No complications or deaths occurred during follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anthrax should be considered in children with painless black-eschar lesions and a history of contact with infected animals in endemic regions. Early recognition and appropriate treatment may prevent complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15303667251412066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T12:36:55Z","timestamp":1768221415000},"page":"153-157","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Retrospective Evaluation of 13 Cases of Anthrax in Children: A Clinical and Therapeutic Perspective"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Emine Hafize","family":"Erdeniz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Ondokuz May\u0131s University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey."},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Erzurum City Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ay\u015fe Sena","family":"D\u00f6nmez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Erzurum City Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2010.01214.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5578\/ced.20240119"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","volume-title":"T\u00fcrkiye Zoonotik Hastal\u0131klar Eylem Plan\u0131 (2019\u20132023)","author":"Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 S, , Sa\u011fl\u0131k TC, , Genel H, et al. 2019. T\u00fcrkiye Zoonotik Hastal\u0131klar Eylem Plan\u0131 (2019\u20132023). TC Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Halk Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc: Ankara."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7206a1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-0563"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1574891x10666150408162354"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13061056"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","first-page":"88","article-title":"\u015earbonun \u00fclkemizdeki durumu","volume":"25","author":"Ertek M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ertek M. \u015earbonun \u00fclkemizdeki durumu. Ankem Derg, 2011; 25:88\u201391.","journal-title":"Ankem Derg"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/kd.2011.43"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2002.130687"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","first-page":"235","article-title":"Cutaneous manifestations of anthrax in Eastern Anatolia: A review of 39 cases","volume":"57","author":"Irmak H","year":"2003","unstructured":"Irmak H, , Buzgan T, , Karahocagil MK, et al. Cutaneous manifestations of anthrax in Eastern Anatolia: A review of 39 cases. Acta Med Okayama, 2003; 57(5):235\u2013240; doi: 10.18926\/AMO\/32827","journal-title":"Acta Med Okayama"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/kd.2019.66"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14202\/IJOH.2024.45-55"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/9781610021470"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/javar.2022.i599"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1112.050779"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","first-page":"502","article-title":"Anthrax and its impact on public health","volume":"4","author":"Rahim M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rahim M, , Ahmad M, , Naeem R, et al. Anthrax and its impact on public health. Zoonosis, 2023; 4:502\u2013509; doi: 10.47278\/book.zoon\/2023.173","journal-title":"Zoonosis"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2313.170431"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","volume-title":"Anthrax in humans and animals","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2008","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2008) Anthrax in humans and animals, 4th edn. World Health Organization: Geneva. Available at: https:\/\/iris.who.int\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/5135d016-4de1-45dd-8112-e4ac23aa350f\/content","edition":"4"},{"issue":"35","key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","first-page":"783","article-title":"Epidemiological Characteristics of Human Anthrax\u2014China, 2018\u20132021","volume":"4","author":"Zhang H","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang H, , Zhang E, , Guo M, et al. Epidemiological Characteristics of Human Anthrax\u2014China, 2018\u20132021. 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