{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T17:46:30Z","timestamp":1782582390243,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778544000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"ZhaoGuo Wang","award":["24-1-8-smjk-14-nsh"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24-1-8-smjk-14-nsh"]}]},{"name":"RunZe Lu","award":["23-2-8-smjk-18-nsh"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-2-8-smjk-18-nsh"]}]},{"name":"Haiping duan","award":["2023-DXXZ003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-DXXZ003"]}]},{"name":"Haiping duan","award":["2025060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025060"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. are Gram-negative bacteria that cause diseases including endocarditis, lymphadenopathy, and neuroretinitis. Hantavirus (HV), belonging to the family Hantaviridae, induces illnesses such as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Both pathogens exhibit host specificity\u2014defined as a preference or restriction to specific host species or ranges. Rodents and shrews are primary hosts for these pathogens, and their high coinfection rates often indicate elevated risk of human exposure. To our knowledge, however, data on\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp.\u2013HV coinfection in rodents and shrews from Eastern China remain limited.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Between 2020 and 2023, rodents (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 311) and shrews (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 16) were investigated for coinfection with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. and HV in Qingdao, eastern China. Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)\u00a0was used for the detection of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">RdRp<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) gene of HV and the Internal Transcribed Spacer, citrate synthase (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">gltA<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and RNA polymerase beta subunit (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">rpoB<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) genes of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The overall infection rates of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp., HV, and coinfection were 21.4%, 6.7%, and 4.0%, respectively. The highest rates were observed in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Apodemus agrarius<\/jats:italic>\n                      (53.8%, 21.3%, and 15.0%). Coinfection rates differed significantly by species (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05), with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. agrarius<\/jats:italic>\n                      exhibiting the highest rate (15.0%). Notably, the coinfection rate was significantly higher in male (28.9%) than female\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. agrarius<\/jats:italic>\n                      (7.1%) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study confirms the coinfection of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. and HV in rodents in the eastern region of China. Enhanced monitoring of rodent and shrew densities, as well as their carried pathogens, is essential. Additionally, timely screening, diagnosis, and treatment should be conducted for high-risk populations in the region to reduce the incidence of related zoonoses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15303667261448824","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T11:04:14Z","timestamp":1778583854000},"page":"449-460","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Coinfection of\n                    <i>Bartonella<\/i>\n                    spp. and Hantavirus in Wild Rodent and Shrew Species in Eastern China"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0702-8423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shang-Hao","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The College of Public Health of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Zhu","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Run-Ze","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Yan","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si-Tong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhao-Guo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua-Qiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun-Zheng","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai-Ping","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The College of Public Health of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China."},{"name":"Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02203-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/iee.v1i0.7346"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1004.030455"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2009.00496.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Research on long-term changes and influencing factors of land surface temperature in shandong province based on MODIS data","volume":"1","author":"Chen TT","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen TT. 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