{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:06:51Z","timestamp":1789776411236,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project","award":["ZD2021CY001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZD2021CY001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Leptospirosis is a globally distributed zoonotic disease that remains a significant public health concern, yet integrated evidence linking human infection, animal reservoirs, and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      serogroups remains limited. Pan\u2019an County, a rural sentinel site in eastern China, provides a suitable setting for investigating leptospirosis transmission within a One Health framework. This study aimed to characterize epidemiological patterns in humans and associated animal infections, providing evidence for understanding leptospirosis transmission.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A retrospective and field-based surveillance study was conducted from 2007 to 2025. Descriptive methods were used to analyze temporal, spatial, and demographic characteristics of human leptospirosis cases. Animal surveillance was conducted across multiple host species to assess infection status and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      serogroup distribution. Correlation analysis was performed to evaluate associations between rodent density, infection status, and human leptospirosis cases.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 53 human leptospirosis cases were reported, with a marked peak in 2007 and no fatalities. Cases were concentrated in late summer and primarily affected middle-aged farmers, with no significant spatial clustering observed. Animal surveillance identified 5630 samples with an overall positivity rate of 2.58%. Infections were detected in rodents, frogs, and ducks, while pigs and cattle were negative. Rodents and frogs were exclusively associated with Icterohaemorrhagiae, whereas ducks exhibited multiple serogroups. Rodent density was positively correlated with human cases, while no association was observed between infection positivity rates and human incidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Leptospirosis in Pan\u2019an is characterized by a stable Icterohaemorrhagiae-dominated transmission system primarily maintained by rodent reservoirs, with human infection occurring through occupational and environmental exposure in agricultural settings. Aquatic-associated animals such as frogs and ducks likely function as environmental interface hosts within a One Health transmission framework. These findings suggest a rodent-associated transmission cycle and support the value of integrated human\u2013animal\u2013environment surveillance for leptospirosis control in rural endemic regions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15303667261474419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T13:15:43Z","timestamp":1786022143000},"page":"685-692","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Epidemiological Characteristics of Leptospirosis and Animal Surveillance in a High-Risk Rural Area of Eastern China"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Shufen","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pan\u2019an County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang, 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