{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:02:14Z","timestamp":1789776134179,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Science and Technology Plan of Jinhua","award":["2022-4-224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-4-224"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Leptospirosis (caused by\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      , a bacterium) and hantavirus disease (caused by hantavirus, a virus) are important zoonoses with rodents as main reservoirs. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and genetic diversity of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      and hantavirus in rodents from rural Lanxi City, Zhejiang Province. Rodents showed a higher\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      carriage rate than the national average. All hantavirus isolates were Seoul virus (SEOV) and displayed high genetic divergence from vaccine strains. Notably, a unique local phylogenetic cluster of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leptospira borgpetersenii<\/jats:italic>\n                      was identified, indicating potential vaccine mismatch and local evolutionary divergence.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Samples were collected from April 2023 to August 2025, with intensive trapping from April to August annually in 2023\u20132024 and additional sampling in April 2025. Liver and kidney tissues were collected via aseptic dissection. Real-time fluorescent PCR was used to detect pathogen nucleic acids, and gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed on positive samples.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 350 rodents were captured, with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Rattus norvegicus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (brown rat) as the dominant species (80.00%). The overall\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      carriage rate was 7.14% (25\/350), with the highest rate in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">R. norvegicus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (7.86%). The overall hantavirus carriage rate was 1.43% (5\/350), distributed mainly in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">R. norvegicus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Rattus flavipectus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (yellow-breasted rat). No coinfection with both pathogens was detected. Genetic analysis identified 12\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains as\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leptospira interrogans<\/jats:italic>\n                      and 2 as\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. borgpetersenii<\/jats:italic>\n                      ; the latter showed genetic differences from domestic and foreign strains, suggesting a potential evolutionary trend. The two hantavirus strains were both SEOV, closely related to domestic SEOV strains from 2021 but with only 86.08\u201386.81% nucleotide homology to vaccine strains (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">e.g.<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 80-39, Z37), indicating natural variation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Rodents in rural Lanxi have a relatively high\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      carriage rate, and hantavirus is dominated by the SEOV type.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">R. norvegicus<\/jats:italic>\n                      is the main host of both pathogens. Targeted monitoring and prevention\/control measures should be strengthened. Natural genetic variation suggests potential antigenic drift and reduced vaccine matching, which requires further serological validation. Attention should be paid to the impact of pathogen genetic variation on control efforts.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15303667261474433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T10:19:41Z","timestamp":1785406781000},"page":"693-700","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Zoonotic\n                    <i>Leptospira<\/i>\n                    and Hantavirus in Rodents, Lanxi City, 2023\u20132025"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Qianqian","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jinhua Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinhua, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanwei","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jinhua Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinhua, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhitong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jinhua Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinhua, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jinhua Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinhua, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4646-7741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qian","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2604.190799"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","first-page":"237","article-title":"Leptospirosis worldwide, 1999","volume":"74","author":"Anonymous","year":"1999","unstructured":"Anonymous. Leptospirosis worldwide, 1999. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 1999;74:237\u2013242.","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003898"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"Leptospirosis in humans","volume":"387","author":"Haake DA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Haake DA, , Levett PN. Leptospirosis in humans. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2015;387:65\u201397.","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2014.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.2.296-326.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0302.970202"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-20014-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0303.970314"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","volume-title":"Human leptospirosis: guidance for diagnosis, surveillance and control","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2003","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Human leptospirosis: guidance for diagnosis, surveillance and control. World Health Organization; 2003."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.11.007"}],"container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15303667261474433","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15303667261474433","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15303667261474433","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T23:17:01Z","timestamp":1789773421000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15303667261474433"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15303667261474433"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15303667261474433","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-3667","1557-7759"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-3667","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7759","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]}}}