{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]],"date-time":"2026-08-16T02:26:04Z","timestamp":1786847164590,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is an important cause of neuroinvasive infection in Europe and Asia. Israel is considered nonendemic, yet travel-associated cases have been reported.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sera from hospitalized neurological patients in Israel (2010\u20132019) were screened for TBEV IgG antibodies. Positive\/borderline results were confirmed by virus neutralization testing (VNT) against both TBEV and West Nile Virus (WNV). Confirmed TBEV-neutralizing sera were tested for anti-TBEV IgG and IgM by immunofluorescence assay.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 12,651 suspected meningitis\/encephalitis cases, 1,280 (10.1%) were screened. Sixty-three were ELISA-IgG positive\/borderline (4.9%), and VNT confirmed TBEV neutralization in 9 (0.7% of the 1,280 patients). West Nile Virus (WNV) Virus neutralization test (VNT) was positive in 51\/63 samples. Two samples neutralized both viruses. All TBEV VNT-positive sera were IgM-negative.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Confirmed TBEV exposure was rare with no evidence of missed acute TBE infection. Most apparent TBEV ELISA reactivity reflected WNV cross-reactivity. Parallel VNT against WNV and TBEV is essential in WNV-endemic countries for accurate TBEV diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15303667261479500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T15:15:15Z","timestamp":1786634115000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Serological Evidence of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus (TBEV) Exposure Among Hospitalized Neurological Patients in Israel, 2010\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7414-8022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilana S.","family":"Fratty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel."},{"name":"The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Ramat-Gan, Israel."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravit","family":"Koren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiri","family":"Katz-likvornik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osnat","family":"Halpern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayan","family":"Yezchaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aharona","family":"Glatman-Freedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Ramat-Gan, Israel."},{"name":"School of Public Health, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hana","family":"Zelena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Arboviruses, Institute of Public Health in Ostrava, Czech Republic."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Indenbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaniv","family":"Lustig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel."},{"name":"School of Public Health, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179774"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11030522"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2012.1287"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.1.1800662"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2301.160888"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2310.171017"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","first-page":"120","article-title":"Distribution and habitat characterization of Ixodes ricinus in northern Israel","volume":"13","author":"Orshan L","year":"2013","unstructured":"Orshan L, , Elbaz S, , Ben-Ari Y, et al. Distribution and habitat characterization of Ixodes ricinus in northern Israel. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2013;13(2):120\u2013125.","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2019.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2019.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13356"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-017-3139-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","first-page":"106","article-title":"Micromodification of virus\u2013neutralisation assay with vital staining in 96-well plate and its use in diagnostics of \u0164ahy\u0148a virus infections","volume":"57","author":"Zelen\u00e1 H","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zelen\u00e1 H, , Janu\u0161ka J, , Raszka J. Micromodification of virus\u2013neutralisation assay with vital staining in 96-well plate and its use in diagnostics of \u0164ahy\u0148a virus infections. Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol 2008;57:106\u2013110.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol"}],"container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15303667261479500","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15303667261479500","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15303667261479500","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]],"date-time":"2026-08-16T01:50:30Z","timestamp":1786845030000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15303667261479500"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"references-count":12,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15303667261479500"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15303667261479500","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-3667","1557-7759"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-3667","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7759","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"article-number":"15303667261479500"}}