{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T19:05:08Z","timestamp":1789326308441,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"name":"We gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided to icipe by its core donors: the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009131","name":"the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009131","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000974","name":"the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000974","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Government of Norway"},{"name":"the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Devel"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n \n Mosquitoes of the genus\n Mansonia<\/jats:italic>\n are widely distributed in wetland ecosystems of sub-Saharan Africa and feed on humans and domestic animals, creating opportunities for zoonotic pathogen transmission. We characterized vertebrate host use by\n Mansonia africana<\/jats:italic>\n and\n M. uniformis<\/jats:italic>\n in Baringo County, Kenya, evaluated three mitochondrial markers for blood-meal identification, and screened blood-fed and unfed mosquitoes for detectable arboviral RNA.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n Mosquito sampling was conducted at Logumgum, Sandai, and Ntepes in 2019 and 2020 using CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n -baited CDC light traps.\n Mansonia<\/jats:italic>\n mosquitoes were recovered from all three sites in 2019 but only from Ntepes in 2020. Blood-fed specimens were analyzed using cytochrome b (cytb), cytochrome oxidase I (\n cox-1<\/jats:italic>\n ), and vertebrate 16S rRNA in 2019 (vert 16S rRNA), whereas cytb alone was applied in 2020. Blood-fed and unfed mosquitoes were screened for arboviral RNA using pan-RT-PCR assays.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Of 802 blood-fed mosquitoes analyzed in 2019, host-identification success was highest with cytb (87.9%), followed by\n cox-1<\/jats:italic>\n (20.3%) and vert 16S rRNA (5.5%). The additional loci increased overall host resolution by approximately 12% beyond cytb alone. In the 2019 cytb-based dataset, human DNA was detected in 61.8% of identified blood meals when mixed human-animal feeds were included. Separately, 63 of 69 identified blood meals (91.3%) from Ntepes in 2020 were goat-derived.\n Ma. africana<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Ma. uniformis<\/jats:italic>\n exhibited overlapping host-use profiles. No arboviral RNA was detected.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n \n Ma. africana<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Ma. uniformis<\/jats:italic>\n in Baringo County fed on humans, livestock, rodents, and other vertebrates and showed broadly overlapping host-use profiles. Cytb provided the highest blood-meal identification success, while\n cox-1<\/jats:italic>\n and vert 16S rRNA resolved additional meals, supporting the complementary value of a multilocus approach. Feeding across the human-livestock interface identifies potential exposure pathways supporting the continued inclusion of both species in integrated entomological and One Health surveillance.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15303667261486635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T04:50:38Z","timestamp":1789188638000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multi-Marker Mitochondrial DNA Analysis Reveals Broad Vertebrate Host Use by\n Mansonia<\/i>\n Mosquitoes in Baringo County, Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Caroline","family":"Getugi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edwin O.","family":"Ogola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inga","family":"Slothouwer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin and Humboldt-University Berlin, Berlin, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Junglen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin and Humboldt-University Berlin, Berlin, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9910-4704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David P.","family":"Tchouassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007092"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13030553"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects12010037"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2559-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-9994-7-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjac016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2026.105913"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010171"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fitd.2023.1113531"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.73.336"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2025.107526"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1948-7134.2013.12019.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2013.1564"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(02)02364-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3332-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12070967"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00488-22"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0134375"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","unstructured":"R Core Team (2022). 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