{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T05:05:06Z","timestamp":1790226306909,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Orthoflaviviruses are arthropod-borne viruses of major importance for human and animal health. In Ecuador, surveillance has focused on human cases and mosquito vectors, and evidence from wildlife remains scarce. This study screened bats from Guayas Province for orthoflavivirus RNA and examined whether positivity was associated with host taxon, landscape, or sex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted using liver tissue from bats captured during 19 nocturnal mist-netting sessions at 10 localities in Guayas Province between October 2020 and May 2024. Total RNA was extracted and analyzed by a generic nested RT-PCR assay targeting a conserved region of the NS5 gene, with \u03b2-actin amplification as an internal control. A total of 128 samples yielded valid results. Prevalence was reported with Wilson 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and associations were assessed by bivariate tests and multivariable logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty-five of 128 bats (19.5%; 95% CI: 13.6\u201327.2) were positive in the generic NS5 assay. In bivariate analysis, positivity was higher in urban than rural bats (40.0% vs. 13.3%; odds ratio [OR] 4.36, 95% CI: 1.71\u201311.10;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0029). However, all 30 urban bats were\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Molossus molossus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and after adjustment for host taxon the landscape association disappeared (adjusted OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.31\u20133.14), whereas\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. molossus<\/jats:italic>\n                      remained strongly associated with positivity (adjusted OR: 15.61, 95% CI: 3.79\u201364.21;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Within\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. molossus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , positivity was identical in rural and urban settings (40.0% vs. 40.0%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1.000). Sequencing could not be completed because of low template yield.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings provide presumptive evidence of flavivirus-like RNA in bats from coastal Ecuador, concentrated in one synanthropic insectivorous species rather than distributed along an urban\u2013rural gradient. Because the products could not be sequenced, no specific orthoflavivirus can be identified. Wildlife merits inclusion in integrated arbovirus surveillance under a One Health framework.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15303667261486646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T05:29:55Z","timestamp":1789536595000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Screening for Orthoflavivirus RNA in Bats from Urban and Rural Landscapes of Guayas Province, Ecuador"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5787-3115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sol\u00f3n Alberto","family":"Orlando","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n en Salud P\u00fablica\u2013INSPI\u2013\u201cDr. Leopoldo Izquieta P\u00e9rez\u201d, Guayaquil, Ecuador."},{"name":"Universidad ECOTEC, Guayaquil, Ecuador."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Parrales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n en Salud P\u00fablica\u2013INSPI\u2013\u201cDr. Leopoldo Izquieta P\u00e9rez\u201d, Guayaquil, Ecuador."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy","family":"Nacipucha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n en Salud P\u00fablica\u2013INSPI\u2013\u201cDr. Leopoldo Izquieta P\u00e9rez\u201d, Guayaquil, Ecuador."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Mora-Jaramillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n en Salud P\u00fablica\u2013INSPI\u2013\u201cDr. Leopoldo Izquieta P\u00e9rez\u201d, Guayaquil, Ecuador."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Arcos-Alc\u00edvar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Agraria del Ecuador, Guayaquil, Ecuador."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivonne","family":"Espa\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Agraria del Ecuador, Guayaquil, Ecuador."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel \u00c1ngel","family":"Garc\u00eda-Bereguiain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"One Health Research Group, Universidad de las Am\u00e9ricas, Quito, Ecuador."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelyn","family":"Barona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministerio de Ambiente y Energ\u00eda, Guayaquil, Ecuador."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Odalys","family":"Chagerb\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Agraria del Ecuador, Guayaquil, Ecuador."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3058-4345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirna","family":"Oviedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad T\u00e9cnica de Manab\u00ed, Portoviejo, Ecuador."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1984-46702014000300003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01543-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_1","first-page":"e01254","article-title":"Bats and bananas: Simplified diet of the nectar-feeding bat Glossophaga soricina foraging in Costa Rican banana plantations","volume":"24","author":"Alp\u00edzar P","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alp\u00edzar P, , Schneider J, , Tschapka M. Bats and bananas: Simplified diet of the nectar-feeding bat Glossophaga soricina foraging in Costa Rican banana plantations. 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Gaceta Epidemiol\u00f3gica Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vectores SE 13 Ecuador [Last accessed: April20 2026]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1613841"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2016.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2017.2247"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.45"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46151-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2005.01.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41182-018-0117-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12967"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-85066-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_1","first-page":"427","volume-title":"\u201cBats and buildings: The conservation of synanthropic bats,\u201d in Bats in the Anthropocene","author":"Voigt CC","year":"2016","unstructured":"Voigt CC, et al. 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