{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T15:32:22Z","timestamp":1793287942758,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"T\u00fcrkiye Sa\u011fl\u0131k Enstit\u00fcleri Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131","award":["T\u00dcSEB B1 12173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T\u00dcSEB B1 12173"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01d6ka036","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Telemedicine and e-Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective study to compare the mean blood pressure and mean weight of subjects with congestive heart failure (CHF) in the month before Ramadan, during the month of Ramadan, and in each of the two months following Ramadan to determine if fasting has any effect on health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients were given a blood pressure meter and weighing scale and instructed to take daily measurements. Data were transmitted wirelessly from the devices to a simple home gateway for automatic onward transmission to the data server without intervention from the subject. Subsets of data for blood pressure and weight were created for each of the months before Ramadan, during the month of Ramadan, and the two months following Ramadan for 2025 and 2026. The mean and standard deviation were determined for each patient, and comparison between successive months was performed for the cohort mean and standard deviation using\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t-<\/jats:italic>\n                      test. Paired\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -tests were performed for subgroups containing only patients participating in successive periods.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There was significant variation in the mean of an individual and in the mean of a cohort; however, the mean was consistent across the period with the value for the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t-<\/jats:italic>\n                      test between successive periods being greater than 0.25 (CI: 0.05). The value for the paired\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t-<\/jats:italic>\n                      test was greater than 0.22 (CI: 0.05) for all periods except between post-Ramadan and 2 months post-Ramadan when the value was 0.10 (CI: 0.05), and some subjects were seen to exhibit significant changes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t-<\/jats:italic>\n                      test and paired\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t-<\/jats:italic>\n                      test values show that there were no statistically significant differences between cohort means and paired comparisons for blood pressure and weight for all months, indicating there are no effects on health in patients with CHF due to fasting if appropriately clinically managed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15305627261476425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T09:23:58Z","timestamp":1785921838000},"page":"1181-1185","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Telehealth Monitoring to Determine the Effect of Ramadan Fasting on Blood Pressure in Congestive Heart Failure Patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4345-3347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malcolm","family":"Clarke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hulya","family":"Gokalp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omer","family":"Gedikli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000066413"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.1991.23"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","first-page":"987","article-title":"Is Ramadan fasting related to health outcomes? A review on the related evidence","volume":"19","author":"Rouhani MH","year":"2014","unstructured":"3.Rouhani MH, , Azadbakht L. Is Ramadan fasting related to health outcomes? A review on the related evidence. J Res Med Sci 2014;19(10):987\u2013992.","journal-title":"J Res Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10943-013-9687-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","first-page":"359","article-title":"Ramadan fasting effects on chronic heart failure symptoms","volume":"30","author":"Abazid RM","year":"2018","unstructured":"5.Abazid RM, , Khalaf HH, , Sakr HI, et al. Ramadan fasting effects on chronic heart failure symptoms. Saudi Med J 2018;30:359\u2013360.","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-10564-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S23261"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"The safety of Ramadan fasting in chronic heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction","volume":"37","author":"Alaarag AF","year":"2025","unstructured":"8.Alaarag AF, , Abou-Omar MAE, , Amin OA. The safety of Ramadan fasting in chronic heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction. J Saudi Heart Assoc 2025;37(1):3.","journal-title":"J Saudi Heart Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2017.1376629"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","first-page":"175","article-title":"The impact of diurnal fasting during Ramadan on patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"7","author":"Haloui F","year":"2015","unstructured":"10.Haloui F, , Elazaoui N, , Habbal R. The impact of diurnal fasting during Ramadan on patients with chronic heart failure. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2015;7:175\u2013176.","journal-title":"Arch Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/AnatolJCardiol.2021.206"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602393"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-11-69"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11648\/j.ijbse.20251303.14"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2026.3694887"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","first-page":"1014","article-title":"Interoperable End-to-End Remote Patient Monitoring Platform based on IEEE 11073 PHD and ZigBee Health Care Profile","volume":"65","author":"Clarke M","year":"2017","unstructured":"16.Clarke M, , De Folter J, , Verma V ,et al. Interoperable End-to-End Remote Patient Monitoring Platform based on IEEE 11073 PHD and ZigBee Health Care Profile. 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