{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T20:54:32Z","timestamp":1791838472423,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":140,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7-8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755475200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000104","name":"NASA","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["80NSSC18K0828"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["80NSSC18K0828"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000104","name":"NASA","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["80NSSC22K0635"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["80NSSC22K0635"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Astrobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The presence of major volatile elements\u2014carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur\u2014on Earth is critical for establishing life. The origin of these life-essential volatile elements (LEVEs) on Earth has been studied for many years. Here, we present a brief compilation of the prevailing ideas regarding volatile delivery to Earth and evaluate their origins, strengths, and weaknesses. Motivated by the fact that one model of LEVE delivery is via a giant impactor to Earth, we subsequently present a geochemical model aimed at understanding the possible volatile inventory and fractionation between the core, the silicate magma ocean (MO), and the atmosphere of a Mars-mass embryo. We looked at various end-member accretion scenarios of the embryo and their influence on the embryo\u2019s LEVE budget and the LEVE ratios. We varied various chemical (initial concentration of volatiles in the undifferentiated bodies and the oxygen fugacity [\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">f<\/jats:italic>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ] of geochemical fractionation) and physical parameters (silicate-mass fraction of the accreting bodies, MO depth) to observe their effects on the absolute and relative LEVE budgets of the embryo. Our results show that an oxidizing condition (log\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">f<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2265 IW\u22121 [Iron-W\u00fcstite]) is critical in establishing the relative LEVE budget of the embryo\u2019s MO, closer to that of present-day bulk silicate Earth. Furthermore, the accretion of larger bodies to form the Mars-mass embryo results in the closest match of the LEVE ratios to that of the present-day bulk silicate Earth (BSE). However, the absolute LEVE budget of the MO of Mars-mass embryo is depleted by at least 1\u20132 orders of magnitude compared with the BSE under all model calculation scenarios. In contrast, the CI-chondrite-normalized LEVE budget of the embryos\u2019s core, in many of the scenarios, especially from the reduced (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">e.g.,<\/jats:italic>\n                    IW\u22122) bodies, overlaps or exceeds the present-day BSE estimate. We argue that for a Mars-mass, differentiated embryo, the cores provide a better prospect for LEVE delivery to proto-Earth, through core breakups and subsequent mixing in the MO or solid mantle. Future studies need to better assess whether the fractional retention of core materials in the silicate reservoir can match the present-day BSE LEVE budgets and how such a process compares with the LEVE delivery via less-processed primitive asteroids.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15311074251365197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T20:34:42Z","timestamp":1758918882000},"page":"530-548","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Existing Frameworks of Delivery of Major Volatiles and the Feasibility of Mars-Mass Planetary Embryos as the Major Volatile Contributors to Bulk Silicate Earth"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5328-6695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debjeet","family":"Pathak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajdeep","family":"Dasgupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08477"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/RSTA.2015.0384"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.GCA.2021.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1223474"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/SCIENCE.198.4316.453"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/SCIENCE.AAX8376"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.GCA.2015.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/PNAS.1505672112"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.GCA.2006.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-62650-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/PNAS.1500954112"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CHEMGEO.2021.120192"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TIFL.2022.117374"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TIFL.2014.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.GCA.2020.06.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.GCA.2006.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41550-019-0779-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/RSTA.2013.0175"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TIFL.2023.118014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TIFL.2022.117741"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.GCA.2014.04.046"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/JB088IS02P0A507"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/SCIENCE.11538074"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24625"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ICARUS.2018.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/SCIADV.1701876"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/SCIENCE.1225542"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TIFL.2016.10.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FEART.2022.973802"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108677950.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.GCA.2009.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.GCA.2022.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2138\/RMG.2024.90.10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JE001617"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TIFL.2004.07.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2343\/GEOCHEMJ.36.409"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2023.115805"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15757-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/MNRAS\/STX1911"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.petrology.a037267"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/416039a"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TIFL.2017.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemgeo.2018.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/PNAS.1919930117"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.GCA.2011.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21045"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/RSTA.2008.0147"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/ANNUREV-EARTH-031621-055545"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TIFL.2021.117255"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.GCA.2023.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2020.04.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41550-020-01283-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-021-00733-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/SCIADV.AAU3669"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/PSJ\/AD5B5D"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TIFL.2024.118618"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43017-022-00370-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/RSTA.2008.0209"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.GCA.2012.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/MAPS.13980"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2017GC006937"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CHEMGEO.2009.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/PNAS.2026779118"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TIFL.2018.08.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2138\/AM-2016-5452"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2022.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35019050"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TIFL.2020.116065"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.GCA.2024.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7185\/geochemlet.2122"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ICARUS.2023.115754"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ICARUS.2024.116032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7185\/geochemlet.1918"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(74)90144-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/PNAS.2309181120"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ICARUS.2023.115564"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S11214-020-00701-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7037(03)00449-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo2801"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TIFL.2023.118032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7037(03)00259-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41550-018-0688-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04535-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7185\/GEOCHEMLET.1919"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/SCIADV.AAV3746"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2018.11.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2138\/RMG.2006.62.18"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7037(99)00169-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TIFL.2020.116574"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/SCIENCE.AAL3496"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TIFL.2016.02.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TIFL.2011.10.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/383517a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ICARUS.2021.114497"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2018JB016932"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118860359"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1945-5100.2000.TB01518.X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2014.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41550-018-0564-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05721-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2541(94)00141-T"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/190389a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/ICAR.1995.1122"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.GCA.2024.08.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-095975-7.00201-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.GCA.2024.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04092-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TIFL.2023.118341"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.GCA.2022.10.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.GCA.2024.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/SCIENCE.ABA1948"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41550-018-0413-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/PNAS.1418889111"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ICARUS.2017.06.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-88124-5_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ICARUS.2003.11.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ICARUS.2019.113605"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2138\/AM-2016-5638"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ICARUS.2011.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ICARUS.2025.116464"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.GCA.2009.04.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.GCA.2013.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TIFL.2010.11.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ICARUS.2014.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-99240-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TIFL.2016.10.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S11214-018-0471-Z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32516-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2016GC006305"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.GCA.2021.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TIFL.2017.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifl.2023.118135"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22035-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03539"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CHEMER.2008.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10201"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/SCIADV.ADH0670"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12285"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.GCA.2019.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05823-0"}],"container-title":["Astrobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15311074251365197","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15311074251365197","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15311074251365197","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T16:18:47Z","timestamp":1787674727000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15311074251365197"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]},"references-count":140,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7-8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15311074251365197"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15311074251365197","relation":{},"ISSN":["1531-1074","1557-8070"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1531-1074","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-8070","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]}}}