{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T10:04:36Z","timestamp":1789812276404,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763424000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Astrobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    On Mars, the amount of ultraviolet C (UVC) radiation that reaches the surface is sufficiently deleterious for life as we know it. However, it has been predicted that some ancient lakes on Mars had high concentrations of Fe\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , an ionic species known for a high absorption of UVC radiation. Some models of UV attenuation have already been established; however, there is a lack of reliable simulations that make the connection between this radiation absorption in an aqueous medium and its impact on the viability of microorganisms. This work proposes a simple model to estimate the viability of microorganisms irradiated in solution with different concentrations of Fe\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and constrains the lethal UVC dose in these conditions. In experimental assays, the median lethal dose of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Saccharomyces boulardii<\/jats:italic>\n                    increased consistently with the model\u2019s predictions, which thereby demonstrated the model\u2019s predictive validity. This ability was then used in a case study to simulate the viability of life in a Fe\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    -containing lake on ancient Mars. Although the actual conditions of this kind of environment are not known, the simulations showed that lakes with small water columns that contain Fe\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    should have been able to protect growing microorganisms. This model enhances the ability to assess potentially habitable conditions on ancient Mars. Key Words: Photoprotection\u2014UVC radiation\u2014Fe\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ions\u2014Mars\u2014Astrobiology. Astrobiology 26, 319\u2013330.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15311074251399206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T16:13:44Z","timestamp":1763741624000},"page":"319-330","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Modeling Photoprotection of Ultraviolet C Radiation by Ferric Ions and Implications for the Habitability of Ancient Martian Lakes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Gabriel Gon\u00e7alves","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Paula Muche","family":"Schiavo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ismael Elvis","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle Cristina","family":"Galina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campus in Ch\u00e1cara Santo Ant\u00f4nio, Paulista University, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larissa","family":"Binelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Human and Biological Sciences, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos, Sorocaba, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1473550419000211"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life10120306"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","unstructured":"Bauermeister A. Characterization of Stress Tolerance and Metabolic Capabilities of Acidophilic Iron-Sulfur-Transforming Bacteria and Their Relevance to Mars. Dissertation. 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Estudo de pigmentos fotoprotetores de microrganismos isolados de solo da Regi\u00e3o Ferr\u00edfera de Minas Gerais: aplica\u00e7\u00f5es biotecnol\u00f3gicas e astrobiol\u00f3gicas. Dissertation, Master\u2019s in Biotechnology. Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo; 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.3.633-637.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_1","first-page":"21","volume-title":"Modeling Microbial Responses in Food","author":"McKellear RC","year":"2004","unstructured":"McKellear RC, , Lu X. Primary models. In Modeling Microbial Responses in Food. (McKellear RC, , Lu X. eds.) 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UV-C photoprotection by ferric ions: Consequences on the habitability of ancient martian ponds. In AAM2020\u2014Astrobiology Australasia Meeting, 2020, Sydney. 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