{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T01:22:07Z","timestamp":1777944127155,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000104","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["18-PPR18-0016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18-PPR18-0016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000104","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["23-PPR23-0005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-PPR23-0005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000104","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["80NM0018D0004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["80NM0018D0004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"US Department of Education","award":["GAANN Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GAANN Fellowship"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Astrobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Return of Mars samples is a high priority in the planetary science community and has remained an enduring goal of planetary exploration programs. Development of sterilization techniques to prevent potential contamination of Earth\u2019s biosphere with unknown life-forms that could exist on planetary bodies requires the use of the most robust biological indicators. We argue that self-seeding proteinaceous particles (prions) represent the most robust biological agents found on Earth. To evaluate the impact of various sterilization techniques on prion activity, we used derivatives of yeast prion proteins Sup35 and Ure2, which are not harmful to humans. Our study demonstrated that effective antimicrobial modalities, which include prolonged dry heat (up to 200\u00b0C), vapor hydrogen peroxide, gamma irradiation (up to 100 kGy), and ambient air or wet He\/water plasma (deposited energy density of up to 6.3 kJ\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), did not eliminate the biological activity of yeast prions. However, ultraviolet C (UVC) irradiation at a wavelength of 260\u2013270 nm for 16\u201324 days eliminated Ure2 prion detection and biological activity, and prolonged UVC irradiation eliminated detection of Sup35 prions and reduced, although did not eliminate, their biological activity. These data suggest that UVC could be an essential component of in-flight sterilization techniques for all future planetary missions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15311074261417878","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T11:27:12Z","timestamp":1770377232000},"page":"132-147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of Various Inactivation Approaches on Surrogate Proteinaceous Particles for Sample Return Missions"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Aspen L.","family":"Hirsch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily P.","family":"Seto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HoneyBee Robotics, Altadena, California, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wayne W.","family":"Schubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia C.","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kacy","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danil","family":"Dobrynin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C. and J. Nyheim Plasma Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric D.","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yury O.","family":"Chernoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2015.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.104.037168"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.041617698"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81016-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/maps.13242"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b04602"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.61.1.159-166.1987"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benardini JN Seasly E Spry JA. Updates in NASA Policy and Practice in Planetary Protection. In: 2023 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE; 2023; pp. 1\u20138.","DOI":"10.1109\/AERO55745.2023.10115646"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2010.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2024AV001241"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsse.2024.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2022.0048"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24183388"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-29049-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2008.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1535676016646217"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1473550420000397"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/cjm-2023-0059"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0273-1177(98)00033-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(03)00659-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1367-2630\/11\/11\/115020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2009.01.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2007.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/9789004524064_008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1577\/1548-8640(1969)31[35:HSATEO]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppap.201000100"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","unstructured":"Kopal V. Treaty on principles governing the activities of states in the exploration and use of outer space including the Moon and other celestial bodies. YB Air & Space Law; 1966; p. 463."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4265\/jmc.28.1_15"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","first-page":"346","volume-title":"Decontamination in Hospitals and Healthcare","author":"McDonnell G","year":"2013","unstructured":"McDonnell G. Decontamination of prions. In: Decontamination in Hospitals and Healthcare, Woodhead Publishing; 2013; pp. 346\u2013369."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-43-3-411"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(89)90046-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-22969-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","unstructured":"NASA. NASA Procedural Requirements. NASA NPD 1900.9A. NASA; 2009. Available from: https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/organizations\/nasa-procedural-requirements\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","unstructured":"NASA. Planetary Protection Provisions for Robotic Extraterrestrial Missions (NPR 8715.24). NASA; 2021. Available from: https:\/\/soma.larc.nasa.gov\/lws\/vfmo\/pdf_files\/N_PR_8715_0024_.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lssr.2015.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01973-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.07948-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.36.2.392-393.1978"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6801762"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biochem.6b00420"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.42.4.692-697.1981"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rohatgi N Schubert W Koukol R et al. Certification of Vapor Phase Hydrogen Peroxide Sterilization Process for Spacecraft Application. In: International Conference on Environmental Systems. SAE International: Vancouver BC; 2002.","DOI":"10.4271\/2002-01-2471"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","first-page":"541","volume-title":"35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly","author":"Rohatgi N","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rohatgi N, , Schwartz L, , Stabekis P, et al. Development of hydrogen peroxide technique for bioburden reduction. In: 35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly. COSPAR; Paris, France; 2004; p. 541."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6420887"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/yea.1143"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21775\/cimb.036.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep34274"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2024.05.048"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_1","first-page":"44","article-title":"Life on mars discovered by NASA\u2019s 1976 viking landers: Lichens, algae, moss, microbial mats, vesicular trace fossils in Utopia Planitia and Chryse Planitia","volume":"32","author":"Schild R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schild R, , Joseph R. Life on mars discovered by NASA\u2019s 1976 viking landers: Lichens, algae, moss, microbial mats, vesicular trace fossils in Utopia Planitia and Chryse Planitia. J Cosmol, 2022; 32:44\u2013115.","journal-title":"J Cosmol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2005.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1473550408004175"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.911091"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcb.7b12836"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12860"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.283.5406.1339"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/137.3.671"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1473550425100128"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppap.200900121"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/319997"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2417389121"}],"container-title":["Astrobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15311074261417878","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15311074261417878","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15311074261417878","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T07:46:18Z","timestamp":1777707978000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15311074261417878"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15311074261417878"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15311074261417878","relation":{},"ISSN":["1531-1074","1557-8070"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1531-1074","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-8070","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]}}}