{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T04:28:53Z","timestamp":1793939333282,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"NASA Exobiology Grant","award":["80NSSC25M7026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["80NSSC25M7026"]}]},{"name":"University of Washington Astrobiology Program","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00cvxb145","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Oakland University Research Excellence Fund","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01ythxj32","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Astrobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Detection of complex organics emitted from Saturn\u2019s moon Enceladus has intensified the search for biosignatures accessible to future missions. Extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) from sea-ice bacteria such as\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Colwellia psychrerythraea<\/jats:italic>\n                    are promising analogs for potential biosignatures due to their prevalence in cold, saline environments analogous to the subsurface oceans on icy worlds. Here, we investigate experimentally the effect of a direct transition from liquid to vacuum environments on the detectability and composition of EPSs from\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. psychrerythraea<\/jats:italic>\n                    34H using gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry. EPSs from the bacterium were isolated and resuspended in solutions prepared with 1 wt. % NaCl and pH 9 to match properties inferred from enceladan plume grains. The primary monomers detected, including fatty acid methyl esters and sugars such as glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, and glucosamine, remained detectable after injection into the vacuum, with slight shifts in relative abundances. These findings support the potential for EPS detection in icy moon plume samples. Our analytical approach is comparable to that of gas chromatograph\u2013mass spectrometer payloads planned for the exploration of Enceladus and Europa, which aim to characterize organic material in plume or surface ice. These findings highlight microbial EPSs as potentially viable biosignature candidates and inform the interpretation of future\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    organic detections on ocean worlds.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15311074261494441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T02:21:01Z","timestamp":1791426061000},"page":"1050-1056","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessing the Preservation of Polysaccharides from a Sea-Ice Bacterium Through Analog Icy Moon Plume Ejection"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5721-1138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georges","family":"Kanaan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Oceanography &amp; Astrobiology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4342-7428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan","family":"Stull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandria","family":"Aspin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4504-7983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariam","family":"Naseem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0312-8408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziming","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6220-2869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Neveu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA."},{"name":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2012.00045"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3522"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frspt.2021.760927"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2020je006394"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/psj\/abfb7a"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja5075954"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.820714"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/md16020069"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2016.09.037"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(10)80005-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00922"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1574-6941.12363"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3189\/172756411795931868"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/psj\/ac7a9f"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01489-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2019gl085885"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","first-page":"175","volume-title":"Enceladus and the Icy Moons of Saturn","author":"Goldstein DB","year":"2018","unstructured":"Goldstein DB, , Hedman M, , Manga M, et al. Enceladus plume dynamics: From surface to space. In Enceladus and the Icy Moons of Saturn. (Schenk PM, , Clark RN, , Howett CJA eds.) University of Arizona Press: Tucson, 2018; pp. 175\u2013194."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01778-24"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/psj\/ac4493"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-023-01130-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","unstructured":"Huston AL. Bacterial adaptation to the cold: In situ activities of extracellular enzymes in the north water polynya and characterization of a cold-active aminopeptidase from Colwellia psychrerythraea strain 34H. (PhD dissertation) University of Washington: Seattle WA; 2003."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2020.2301"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11214-025-01134-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stz2280"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41550-025-02655-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adl0849"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1100701108"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2020.2425"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/psj\/abe4da"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/153110703322736105"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23258-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/w08-130"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.15485"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2024.118622"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/PSJ\/ac382a"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08046"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0246-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/md9020224"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","unstructured":"Ricco A Quinn RC Boone TD et al. Sample Processor for Life on Icy Worlds (SPLIce): Monolithic manifold-based system to recover prepare and deliver samples and standards to instrumentation suites for ocean world life-search missions. In Astrobiology Science Conference 2024; id 404\u2013406."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-012-6038-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06600-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-51677-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41540-024-00403-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11214-023-01025-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2020je006736"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2021.107237"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2021.0044"}],"container-title":["Astrobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15311074261494441","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15311074261494441","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15311074261494441","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T04:18:25Z","timestamp":1793938705000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15311074261494441"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15311074261494441"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15311074261494441","relation":{},"ISSN":["1531-1074","1557-8070"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1531-1074","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-8070","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]}}}