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Nevertheless, the rate of diagnoses has been expected to be around 2.6% in the near future, still there is a great lack in studies to characterize the MBC including the developed countries. Based on our search, it is evidenced from the literature that the number of risk factors for the cause of MBC are significant, which includes the increase in age, family genetic history, mutations in specific genes due to various environmental impacts, hormonal imbalance and unregulated expression receptors for specific hormones of high levels of estrogen or androgen receptors compared to females. MBCs are broadly classified into ductal and lobular carcinomas with further sub-types, with some of the symptoms including a lump or swelling in the breast, redness of flaky skin in the breast, irritation and nipple discharge that is similar to the female breast cancer (FBC). The most common diagnostic tools currently in use are the ultrasound guided sonography, mammography, and biopsies. Treatment modalities for MBC include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and targeted therapies. However, the guidelines followed for the diagnosis and treatment modalities of MBC are mostly based on FBC that is due to the lack of prospective studies related to MBC. However, there are distinct clinical and molecular features of MBC, it is a need to develop different clinical methods with more multinational approaches to help oncologist to improve care for MBC patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15330338241261836","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T18:06:22Z","timestamp":1721757982000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Male Breast Cancer: Current Scenario and Future Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Anitha","family":"Chidambaram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, PRIST Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, TN, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajkumar","family":"Prabhakaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Facility, Santosh Deemed to be University, Ghaziabad, UP, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sivabalan","family":"Sivasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Facility, Santosh Deemed to be University, Ghaziabad, UP, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thanigaivelan","family":"Kanagasabai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malarvili","family":"Thekkumalai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Center for Distance Education, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, TN, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankit","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, United Institute of Medical Sciences, Prayagraj, UP, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayurika S.","family":"Tyagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immuno Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Santosh Deemed to be University, Ghaziabad, UP, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2017-2980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sivanesan","family":"Dhandayuthapani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Facility, Santosh Deemed to be University, Ghaziabad, UP, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-15330338241261836","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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