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The PRaG regimen, which comprised of hypofractionated radiotherapy, programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), showed a survival advantage in patients with advanced solid tumors who failed at least the first line of standard systemic treatment. Intraperitoneal infusion of PD-1 inhibitors may be a novel therapeutic strategy for managing malignant ascites. Integrating the PRaG regimen with intraperitoneal perfusion of a PD-1 inhibitor might control malignant ascites and provide further survival benefits in these patients. This proposed study aims to investigate the safety and efficacy of intraperitoneal infusion of serplulimab in combination with the PRaG regimen in patients with simultaneous advanced solid tumors and cancerous ascites who fail at least the first-line treatment. Methods: This proposed study is a prospective, single-arm, open-label, multicenter clinical trial. All eligible patients will receive 2 cycles of intensive treatment, a combination of PRaG regimen with an intraperitoneal infusion of PD-1 inhibitor. The patients who are beneficially treated with intensive treatment will receive consolidation treatment every 2 weeks until ascites disappear, disease progression occurs, intolerable toxicity occurs, or for up to 1 year. Phase I of this study will be conducted using a modified 3\u2009+\u20093 design. The dose of intraperitoneal infusion of PD-1 inhibitor for phase II will be determined according to dose-limiting toxicity evaluation in the phase I study. Conclusion: This prospective, open-label, multicenter study will potentially lead to intraperitoneal perfusion of a PD-1 inhibitor being a new strategy for malignant ascites patients and provide a meaningful efficacy and safety of the combination of PRaG regimen with an intraperitoneal infusion of PD-1 inhibitor for these patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15330338241264169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T08:21:34Z","timestamp":1721895694000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Phase I\/II Clinical Study of PRaG Regimen Combined With Intraperitoneal Infusion of PD-1 Inhibitor for Advanced Refractory Solid Tumors With Cancerous Ascites (PRaG4.0P Study)"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Yingying","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, The Second Affiliated 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