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VMAT, HT and CK plans were made for each patient. The dose distribution of planning target volume (PTV) and organs at risk (OARs) were evaluated. Three biological risks were evaluated, namely radiation pneumonitis (RP), coronary artery disease (CAD) and congestive heart failure (CHF). Monitor Units (MUs) and beam-on-time were also recorded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All techniques were able to produce clinically deliverable plans. The expected biological risks for VMAT plans, CK plans, and HT plans were 6.69%, 5.05%, 5.88% for RP, 1.20%, 1.15%, and 1.17% for CAD, 1.26%, 1.19%, and 1.22% for CHF. The expected risks of RP were slightly lower in CK plans compared to VMAT and HT plans (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), with VMAT plans showing the highest expected risks. For central lung cancer, the expected CAD risks of CK and HT plans were lower than those of VMAT plans (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The delivery efficiency of VMAT plans was significantly higher than that of CK plans and HT plans.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All three techniques, VMAT, HT, and CK, meet the therapeutic requirements for target coverage and dose constraints for OARs. Although there are statistical differences, the difference between the expected risk values of RP and CAD is very small, so the clinical manifestations may not show differences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15330338251330781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T19:25:01Z","timestamp":1743189901000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparative Dosimetry and Biological Risk Assessment of Lung Oligometastasis SBRT: VMAT, Helical Tomotherapy, and CyberKnife"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Zhenjiong","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Chest Hospital"},{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6070-2528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingyuan","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huashan Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aihui","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Chest Hospital"},{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanhua","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Chest Hospital"},{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hengle","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Chest Hospital"},{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Chest Hospital"},{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Chest Hospital"},{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7984-6054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Chest Hospital"},{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Chest Hospital"},{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4238-0318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Chest Hospital"},{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","article-title":"Early and locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC): ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"28","author":"Postmus PE","year":"2017","unstructured":"Postmus PE, Kerr KM, Oudkerk M, et al. 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