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B7-H3 and CD39, as immune checkpoints, are potential modulators of the tumor microenvironment and may influence the efficacy of immunotherapies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>B7-H3, CD39, and CD8 expression was assessed via immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 268 GC tissues and 80 gastric precancerous lesions. The correlation between B7-H3 and CD39 expression was analyzed using Spearman's correlation. Multiplex immunohistochemistry (m-IHC) was employed to determine the co-localization of B7-H3 and CD39 in GC tissues. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression models were utilized to evaluate clinical outcomes in different patient subgroups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both B7-H3 and CD39 expression showed a stepwise increase during gastric carcinogenesis including chronic superficial gastritis (CSG), chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN), high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN) to GC, with significantly higher expression levels in GC tissues compared to all precancerous lesions (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.05). A significant positive correlation was observed between B7-H3 and CD39 expression (r\u2009=\u20090.2398,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Co-localization of B7-H3 and CD39 was detected within tumor nests and peritumoral regions and was significantly correlated with tumor volume (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.017), tumor stage (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.001), tumor depth (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.002), lymph node metastasis (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.005), lymph node involvement (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.004) and distant metastasis (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.028). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with co-localized B7-H3 and CD39 expression exhibited significantly poorer prognosis (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.0055). Cox regression analysis confirmed that this co-localization was a significant predictor of survival (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.007) and an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.027).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The co-localized expression of B7-H3 and CD39 in GC patients is strongly associated with poor prognosis. This dual-target expression pattern provides novel insights and a theoretical foundation for the development of dual-target immune checkpoint inhibitors as potential therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15330338251380957","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T13:34:52Z","timestamp":1758720892000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["B7-H3 and CD39 Co-Localization in Gastric Cancer: A Potential Prognostic Biomarker and Potential Dual-Target for Immunotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8169-8920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiange","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Key Laboratory, Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Nantong University, Changshu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanqin","family":"Xuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shenghua","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruipeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siji","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tong Zhou Hospital of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Nantong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sisi","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 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