{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T12:40:03Z","timestamp":1784032803061,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Technol Cancer Res Treat"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate and compare the accuracy, complication rate, and feasibility of computed tomography (CT)-guided introducer-assisted percutaneous lung biopsy with those of freehand percutaneous lung biopsy for the diagnosis of pulmonary nodules \u2264 2\u2005cm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively analysed clinical data of 307 patients with pulmonary nodules \u2264 2\u2005cm who underwent percutaneous lung biopsy between January 2015 and August 2024. The patients were divided into two groups: A, 153 patients undergoing freehand puncture, and B, 154 patients in whom the procedure was assisted by a guidance device. A statistical analysis was performed to assess the success rate, diagnostic accuracy, and complication rate of the two techniques and to evaluate the feasibility of using a guide device-assisted puncture biopsy for small pulmonary nodules.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All 307 patients successfully completed the percutaneous biopsy procedure (100% technical success rate). Diagnostic accuracy was 95.4% and 96.8% in Groups A and B, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.161). Groups A and B required an average of 9.04\u2009\u00b1\u20092.58 and 8.14\u2009\u00b1\u20091.72 intraoperative CT scans, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">&lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009.001). Mean procedural durations for Groups A and B were 12.77\u2009\u00b1\u20094.51 and 10.83\u2009\u00b1\u20092.51\u2005min, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">&lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009.001). In Groups A and B, the immediate need for closed thoracic drainage was 4.6% (7\/153) and 1.9% (3\/154), respectively (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009.165), and incidence of haemoptysis was 10.5% (16\/153) and 9.7% (15\/154), respectively (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009.492). Neither group experienced complications such as air embolism or needle tract seeding metastasis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both CT-guided needle biopsy performed using a guidance device and freehand biopsy demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for pulmonary nodules \u2264 2\u2005cm. Procedures conducted with a guidance device contributed to shorter operation times, fewer CT scans, and lower radiation exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15330338261423057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T18:03:37Z","timestamp":1770919417000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Comparative Study of Computed Tomography-Guided Steerable Needle and Freehand Biopsy for Diagnosing Small Pulmonary Nodules: Accuracy and Complications for Greater Clarity and Precision"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2890-818X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miaomiao","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tengzhou Central People's Hospital Affiliated to XuZhou Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xusheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tengzhou Central People's Hospital Affiliated to XuZhou Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianqian","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tengzhou Central People's Hospital Affiliated to XuZhou Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tengzhou Central People's Hospital Affiliated to XuZhou Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baohu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tengzhou Central People's Hospital Affiliated to XuZhou Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1009-3453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peishun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tengzhou Central People's Hospital Affiliated to XuZhou Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tengzhou Central People's Hospital Affiliated to XuZhou Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minghui","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tengzhou Central People's Hospital Affiliated to XuZhou Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanying","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tengzhou Central People's Hospital Affiliated to XuZhou Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaixian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tengzhou Central People's Hospital Affiliated to XuZhou Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-020-05951-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(14)70387-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3816\/CLC.2009.n.049"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.11.7576"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.180.6.1801665"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.11.7576"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.184.5.01841652"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000004226"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.174.1.2294561"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Origami needle guide for CT-guided interventions","volume":"5","author":"Taylor A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Taylor A, Xu S, Wood BJ, Tse ZT. 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