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This study investigated microbial signatures across tumor tissue and digestive tract niches in patients with OSCC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study included 28 patients with OSCC who underwent surgical treatment at a tertiary cancer center between 2019 and 2022, along with 14 healthy controls. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to characterize microbial profiles in tumor tissues, as well as oral and gut samples.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Tumor tissues exhibited largely similar microbial compositions to adjacent tissues and lymph nodes. However, tumor tissues showed a relatively higher abundance of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Fusobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      and a depletion of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Gut microbiota in patients exhibited dysbiosis, characterized by enrichment of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Prevotella<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , while oral microbiota showed enrichment of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Haemophilus<\/jats:italic>\n                      . In addition, increased abundance of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the gut and Bacteroidales in the oral cavity was associated with adverse clinical outcomes (ACO) in OSCC patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The tissues and digestive microbiota of OSCC patients exhibit heterogeneity. These findings suggest that specific microbial signatures may serve as potential biomarkers for disease detection and progression; however, these associations should be interpreted cautiously and require validation in larger cohorts and mechanistic studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15330338261465540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T15:47:21Z","timestamp":1790178441000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Comparative Analysis of Tissue and Digestive Microbiota Composition in Patients With Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Zhongyuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center"},{"name":"Sun Yat-sen University Cancer 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