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All patients received external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) (40\u201360 Gy, 20\u201330 fractions), followed by individualized curved-needle ISBT using a 3D-printed applicator (12\u201330 Gy, 2\u20135 fractions). Concurrent systemic therapy was administered when necessary. Dosimetric parameters (V100%, V200%, D100%, D98%, D90%, D50%, D5cc, D2cc, D0.1cc) were assessed. Clinical outcomes and treatment-related complications were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 13 patients were included, including 4 patients with prior radiation therapy and 9 without prior radiation therapy; 45 fractions of ISBT were analyzed. Central and non-central pelvic recurrences occurred in 46.2% and 53.8% of patients, respectively. Eight patients received concurrent systemic therapy. The cumulative equivalent dose in 2-Gy fractions (EQD2) to the clinical target volume of recurrence treatment was 64.87 \u00b1 7.16 Gy for patients with prior radiation and 73.03 \u00b1 9.95 Gy for those without prior radiation. The corresponding cumulative EQD2 to the D2cc of the bladder, rectum, and sigmoid colon were 63.98 \u00b1 11.37 Gy vs. 79.00 \u00b1 12.34 Gy, 61.93 \u00b1 8.90 Gy vs. 68.44 \u00b1 9.93 Gy, and 41.22 \u00b1 20.79 Gy vs. 54.49 \u00b1 7.45 Gy, respectively. At a median follow-up of 38 months, 92.3% (12\/13) of patients were alive. The 2-year and 3-year local control rates were 92.3% and 82.1%, respectively. Acute Grade 3 toxicity was observed in 30.8%, and late Grade 3 toxicity in 7.7%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individualized curved-needle ISBT with a 3D-printed applicator provided high-quality treatment for recurrent gynecologic tumors with favorable outcomes and acceptable toxicity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15330338261470898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T09:16:12Z","timestamp":1784625372000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development and Assessment of Interstitial Brachytherapy Using Individual Curved-Needle in Treatment of Recurrent Gynecological Tumors After External Beam Radiotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yining","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunli","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuliang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihua","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2624-9869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junfang","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1079-5137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ke","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuquan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","unstructured":"National Comprehensive Cancer Network. 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