{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:35:55Z","timestamp":1777941355384,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,1]],"date-time":"2006-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1159660800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,1]],"date-time":"2006-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1159660800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Technol Cancer Res Treat"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of our research is to compare CT-based volumetric calculations and International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) reference-point estimates of radiation doses to the target volume, bladder, rectum, and sigmoid colon in patients with carcinoma of the endometrium treated with high dose rate intracavitary Rotte \u2018Y\u2019 applicator brachytherapy (HDRB). Eleven patients with cancer of the endometrium were treated with CT-compatible HDR intracavitary Rotte \u2018Y\u2019 applicators (Nucletron) and underwent post-implant pelvic CT scans with applicators in place. All patients were treated using orthogonal radiography-based planning. The dose was prescribed to uterine point (a point located 2 cm below the center of a line drawn between the tips of the two ends of the Rotte applicator extending laterally from the tandem by half the maximum uterine width), Point A, and 0.5 cm depth along the upper 3 cm vagina. CT-images were transferred to the PLATO treatment planning system version 14.2.6 and retrospectively planned for volumetric calculations. The clinical target volume (CTV) included the entire uterus, cervix, and upper 3 cm of vagina. The volumes of organs at risk (OAR) were digitized. Dwell positions were identified and registered in both the uterine tandem for each patient. For those receiving HDRB alone, the prescribed dose was 7 Gy x 5 fractions. Patients who were treated following external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) received 4Gy x 5 fractions. The interfraction interval was 6\u20138 hours. The DVHs were computed for the CTV, bladder, rectum, and sigmoid colon. To compare doses of OARs, 1.0 cc, 2.0 cc, and 5.0 cc volumes receiving the highest dose were calculated from DVHs. 3D optimization was done to improve target coverage and decrease dose to critical organs and compared with the 2D orthogonal radiograph-based plan. The mean of percentage of prescribed dose \u00b1 S.D to 1 cc, 2 cc, and 5 cc of the OARs of interest were as follows: Rectum 44 \u00b1 21%, 39 \u00b1 18%, and 33 \u00b1 15%; bladder 104 \u00b1 36%, 91 \u00b1 31%, and 73.9 \u00b1 24%; and sigmoid 124 \u00b1 35%, 109 \u00b1 30%, and 89 \u00b1 25%, respectively. The corresponding dose to ICRU 38 bladder and rectal points were 98 \u00b1 55% and 50.5 \u00b1 32%, respectively. The mean dose to uterine point and point A were 99 \u00b1 1.7% and 98 \u00b1 3%, respectively. The mean CTV volume was 160 \u00b1 89 cc with the percentage of volume getting 100% and 90% of the dose being 62 \u00b1 12% and 68 \u00b1 12% with 2D plan versus 57 \u00b1 8% and 67 \u00b1 8.9% with 3D plan. The dose to critical organs were reduced with 3D optimization for rectum, bladder, and sigmoid by 5.6% (p = 0.04), 20.6% (p = 0.02), and 26.8% (p = 0.005), respectively. Compared to the 3-D volume dose, the prescription points overestimated the dose to the target volume. The under-dosing was because of inability of two channel applicator to cover volumes in the region of the cervix and vagina. The dose to sigmoid colon was high and attention should be given to the sigmoid dose at the time of treatment planning. 3D planning helped in reducing the dose to the critical organs without compromising target coverage. Correlations with outcome are needed to better define the role of 3D dosimetry in treatment planning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/153303460600500509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,3]],"date-time":"2014-10-03T14:55:00Z","timestamp":1412348100000},"page":"521-527","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Comparison of 2D vs. 3D Dosimetry for Rotte \u2018Y\u2019 Applicator High Dose Rate Brachytherapy for Medically Inoperable Endometrial Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Sushil","family":"Beriwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hayeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dwight E.","family":"Heron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raj","family":"Selvaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-153303460600500509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/canjclin.49.1.8"},{"key":"bibr2-153303460600500509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(86)80392-0"},{"key":"bibr3-153303460600500509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(93)90383-7"},{"key":"bibr4-153303460600500509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(93)90201-6"},{"key":"bibr5-153303460600500509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2006.02.002"},{"key":"bibr6-153303460600500509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(93)90454-4"},{"key":"bibr7-153303460600500509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(87)90061-7"},{"key":"bibr8-153303460600500509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0936-6555(97)80060-X"},{"key":"bibr9-153303460600500509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-8258(91)90022-W"},{"key":"bibr10-153303460600500509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(65)80003-4"},{"key":"bibr11-153303460600500509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/93.2.417"},{"key":"bibr12-153303460600500509","first-page":"59","volume":"6","author":"Sitt J. A.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Oncology (Williston Park)"},{"key":"bibr13-153303460600500509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(00)00689-1"},{"key":"bibr14-153303460600500509","volume-title":"Dose and volume Specification for Reporting Intracavitary Therapy in Gynecology","author":"International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU)","year":"1985"},{"key":"bibr15-153303460600500509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(96)00486-5"},{"key":"bibr16-153303460600500509","first-page":"16","volume-title":"Brachytherapy in the Nordic Countries","author":"Rotte K.","year":"1992"},{"key":"bibr17-153303460600500509","first-page":"240","volume-title":"High Dose Rate Afterloading in the Treatment of Cancer of the Uterus, Breast and Rectum","author":"Rauthe G.","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr18-153303460600500509","first-page":"32","volume":"2","author":"Stitt J. A.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Brachy. J. Supp."},{"key":"bibr19-153303460600500509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03038547"},{"key":"bibr20-153303460600500509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.10.013"},{"key":"bibr21-153303460600500509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.04.032"},{"key":"bibr22-153303460600500509","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2005.11.014","volume":"78","author":"P\u00f6tter R.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"bibr23-153303460600500509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.09.059"},{"key":"bibr24-153303460600500509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(00)00282-6"},{"key":"bibr25-153303460600500509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(04)81912-1"}],"container-title":["Technology in Cancer Research &amp; Treatment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/153303460600500509","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/153303460600500509","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T06:21:17Z","timestamp":1777702877000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/153303460600500509"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/153303460600500509"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/153303460600500509","relation":{},"ISSN":["1533-0346","1533-0338"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1533-0346","type":"print"},{"value":"1533-0338","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]}}}