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In this study, we found significantly increased Gal-3 serum levels in patients with AD compared to control participants ( P = .017). There was no significant difference between patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and healthy controls ( P = .143) or between patients with AD and MCI ( P = .688). The degree of cognitive impairment, as measured by the Mini-Mental Status Examination score, was found to have a significant correlation with the Gal-3 serum levels in all patients and healthy controls. These data suggest that Gal-3 potentially plays a role in the neuropathogenesis of AD. 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