{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T01:16:02Z","timestamp":1790126162822,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,9]],"date-time":"2014-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1389225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Alzheimer\u2019s disease may result from low-grade inflammation of the brain, and the characteristic amyloid \u03b2 may be a protective response. Epidemiological observation indicates that long-term oral administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen to patients having rheumatoid arthritis results in reduced risk and delayed onset of Alzheimer's disease. However, oral ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, and other NSAIDs are not an effective treatment. The NSAIDs may work as an Alzheimer\u2019s preventive but not a treatment because the oral dose to the brain is too small, 1% to 2% of the total plasma concentration. The NSAID brain dose could be significantly increased by delivering the drug intranasally. Flurbiprofen would be preferable to ibuprofen because flurbiprofen has 12\u00bd times the potency of ibuprofen. The smaller nasal dose of flurbiprofen than ibuprofen could significantly increase patient compliance. Alzheimer\u2019s disease starts in the entorhinal cortex, which is closely connected to the olfactory nerves, and spreads anatomically in a defined pattern. Therefore, a nasal NSAID would readily reach the region of the brain where it is most likely to be therapeutic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317513518658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,10]],"date-time":"2014-01-10T21:04:43Z","timestamp":1389387883000},"page":"401-403","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Nasal NSAIDs for Alzheimer's Disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Steven","family":"Lehrer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fermata Pharma, Inc, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1533317513518658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.07.003"},{"key":"bibr2-1533317513518658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23654"},{"key":"bibr3-1533317513518658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.106.114009"},{"issue":"9","key":"bibr4-1533317513518658","first-page":"1005","volume":"12","author":"Wyss Coray T","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"bibr5-1533317513518658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1332.007"},{"key":"bibr6-1533317513518658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.12.045"},{"key":"bibr7-1533317513518658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01322"},{"key":"bibr8-1533317513518658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M306923200"},{"key":"bibr9-1533317513518658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2010.12.014"},{"key":"bibr10-1533317513518658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0808-841"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr11-1533317513518658","first-page":"5","volume":"46","author":"Dokmeci D","year":"2004","journal-title":"Folia Med (Plovdiv)"},{"key":"bibr12-1533317513518658","first-page":"2","author":"Imbimbo BP","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"bibr13-1533317513518658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.01-0707fje"},{"key":"bibr14-1533317513518658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-006-9905-5"},{"key":"bibr15-1533317513518658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(69)90032-5"},{"key":"bibr16-1533317513518658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.2012.636801"},{"key":"bibr17-1533317513518658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-013-0076-8"},{"key":"bibr18-1533317513518658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031302"},{"key":"bibr19-1533317513518658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(78)90093-0"},{"key":"bibr20-1533317513518658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-010-9401-6"},{"key":"bibr21-1533317513518658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12059"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr22-1533317513518658","first-page":"121","volume":"10","author":"Geerts H","year":"2007","journal-title":"IDrugs"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease &amp; Other Dementias\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1533317513518658","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1533317513518658","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1533317513518658","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:19:52Z","timestamp":1777367992000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1533317513518658"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,9]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1533317513518658"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1533317513518658","relation":{},"ISSN":["1533-3175","1938-2731"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1533-3175","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-2731","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,9]]}}}