{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:01:20Z","timestamp":1791907280782,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,18]],"date-time":"2014-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1392681600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a communicating hydrocephalus, of unknown pathophysiology, characterized by the classical triad of dementia, urinary incontinence, and ataxia. The most popular treatment option is shunt surgery, although it is not a cure. The diagnosis of the disorder is challenging as it may mimic a lot of other neurological conditions and has no distinct biomarker. It becomes even more challenging as majority of the cases are diagnosed by invasive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) removal tests. However, a careful history taking, a keen and detailed physical examination, and pertinent imaging studies can lead to an early diagnosis. The gait symptoms respond the most to surgery. The predictors deciding the postsurgical prognosis has been discussed. Improved shunting modalities and novel shunt materials with valve adjustments have improved the precision of the shunting procedures. Still we have lot more to achieve in terms of early diagnosis and definitive management of iNPH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317514523485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,18]],"date-time":"2014-02-18T23:09:54Z","timestamp":1392764994000},"page":"583-589","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Diagnosis and Prognosis in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Sayantani","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol","family":"Lippa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"bibr1-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1093\/neurosurgery\/57.3.N4","volume":"57","author":"Relkin N","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"bibr2-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196507152730301"},{"key":"bibr3-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-004-0234-3"},{"key":"bibr4-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2005.00451.x"},{"key":"bibr5-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31822f02f5"},{"key":"bibr6-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(86)90488-9"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr7-1533317514523485","first-page":"31","volume":"12","author":"Bradley WG","year":"1991","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"bibr8-1533317514523485","first-page":"1586","volume":"21","author":"Bradley WG","year":"2000","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"bibr9-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21410"},{"key":"bibr10-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31828c2fda"},{"key":"bibr11-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-302924"},{"key":"bibr12-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.35.3.307"},{"key":"bibr13-1533317514523485","first-page":"632","volume":"32","author":"Black PM","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin Neurosurg"},{"key":"bibr14-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.48.S1"},{"key":"bibr15-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2006.105.6.815"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr16-1533317514523485","first-page":"S17","volume":"57","author":"Marmarou A","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"bibr17-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneuro1004"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr18-1533317514523485","first-page":"S29","volume":"57","author":"Bergsneider M","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"bibr19-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150050003"},{"key":"bibr20-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-002-0936-3"},{"key":"bibr21-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.123620"},{"key":"bibr22-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1987.00520150019012"},{"key":"bibr23-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.70.3.289"},{"key":"bibr24-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000299085.18976.20"},{"key":"bibr25-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn232"},{"key":"bibr26-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.67.6.723"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr27-1533317514523485","first-page":"497","volume":"40","author":"Bech RA","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"bibr28-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s007010050386"},{"key":"bibr29-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.68.6.778"},{"key":"bibr30-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22015"},{"key":"bibr31-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22100"},{"key":"bibr32-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2011-303849"},{"key":"bibr33-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0404.2002.01189.x"},{"key":"bibr34-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-8118-9-20"},{"key":"bibr35-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000328924"},{"key":"bibr36-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.39.12.1601"},{"key":"bibr37-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2011.09.014"},{"key":"bibr38-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2012.01677.x"},{"key":"bibr39-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/312526"},{"key":"bibr40-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.883586"},{"key":"bibr41-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2012.03781.x"},{"key":"bibr42-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-303314"},{"key":"bibr43-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1986.tb04601.x"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr44-1533317514523485","first-page":"1166","volume":"49","author":"Hebb AO","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr45-1533317514523485","first-page":"503","volume":"72","author":"Walchenbach R","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr46-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.73.6.721"},{"key":"bibr47-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.57.11.1430"},{"key":"bibr48-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198802000-00020"},{"key":"bibr49-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2005.102.6.0987"},{"key":"bibr50-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-7-94"},{"key":"bibr51-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2008.02134.x"},{"key":"bibr52-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-006-0896-0"},{"key":"bibr53-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-007-1240-z"},{"key":"bibr54-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2008.12.007"},{"key":"bibr55-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-002-0936-3"},{"key":"bibr56-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-211-98811-4_16"},{"key":"bibr57-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2011.11.019"},{"key":"bibr58-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410200306"},{"key":"bibr59-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.1.24"},{"key":"bibr60-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199409000-00006"},{"key":"bibr61-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.48.S1"},{"key":"bibr62-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/PED\/2008\/2\/9\/222"},{"key":"bibr63-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-211-30714-1_74"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr64-1533317514523485","first-page":"15","volume":"109","author":"Kiefer M","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"bibr65-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.4.PEDS09210"},{"key":"bibr66-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-211-98811-4_18"},{"key":"bibr67-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199006000-00013"},{"key":"bibr68-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.63778"},{"key":"bibr69-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000255469.68129.81"},{"key":"bibr70-1533317514523485","volume-title":"The Shunt Book","author":"Drake JM","year":"1995"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr71-1533317514523485","first-page":"223","volume":"103","author":"Schuhmann MU","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"bibr72-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02688690600852324"},{"key":"bibr73-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000249273.41569.6E"},{"key":"bibr74-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.1.54"},{"key":"bibr75-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neurosurgery\/24.CN_suppl_1.270"},{"key":"bibr76-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1980.52.3.0371"},{"key":"bibr77-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.41.11.961"},{"key":"bibr78-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-008-0058-2"},{"key":"bibr79-1533317514523485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-211-98811-4_17"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease &amp; Other Dementias\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1533317514523485","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1533317514523485","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1533317514523485","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:19:54Z","timestamp":1777367994000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1533317514523485"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,18]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1533317514523485"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1533317514523485","relation":{},"ISSN":["1533-3175","1938-2731"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1533-3175","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-2731","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,18]]}}}