{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T14:21:47Z","timestamp":1784730107141,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,14]],"date-time":"2014-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1400025600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, we investigate the medical and economical value of Leucojum aestivum. Leucojum aestivum contains the alkaloid galanthamine, which is one of the main active substances in Reminyl, a commonly used drug for the treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD). In this analysis, we estimate that there are 13 million mild to moderate patients with Alzheimer\u2019s who use Reminyl. Our results suggest that the market change value of L aestivum required for 1 unit of Reminyl is US$62. The value of total change of galanthamine and L aestivum is estimated to be US$18.6 billion per year. Alzheimer\u2019s drugs that use L aestivum are relatively expensive, ranging in cost from US$183 to more than US$400 per month. The minimum annual cost of this is US$2196 per person for \u201cpatients with mild and moderate stage AD.\u201d The using value of 6 million units of L aestivum bulbs, which is the amount exported from Turkey, is estimated to be US$27 million per year. The determined value for L aestivum is equivalent to the value of a rare flower that can be used to treat the serious illness of AD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317514535334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,15]],"date-time":"2014-05-15T22:08:31Z","timestamp":1400191711000},"page":"448-451","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Medical Resource Value Appraisal for\n                    <i>Leucojum aestivum<\/i>\n                    in Turkey"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Aynur","family":"Demir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Protection Technology, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"bibr1-1533317514535334","first-page":"56","volume":"19","author":"Abac\u0131o\u011flu N","year":"2001","journal-title":"AEOB \u0130la\u00e7 Forumu"},{"key":"bibr2-1533317514535334","unstructured":"Atay S. So\u011fanl\u0131 Bitkiler, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den \u0130hracat\u0131 Yap\u0131lan T\u00fcrlerin Tan\u0131t\u0131mve \u00dcretim Rehberi. \u0130stanbul, Turkey: Do\u011fal Hayat\u0131 Koruma Derne\u011fi; 1996."},{"key":"bibr3-1533317514535334","unstructured":"Carson MR, Bergstrom CJ. A review of ecosystem valuation techniques, FS 03-03; 2003:1. www.ageconsearch.umn.edu. Accessed May 15, 2012."},{"key":"bibr4-1533317514535334","unstructured":"Cherkasov OA, Tolkachev ON. Narcissus and other Amaryllidaceae as sources of galanthamine. In: Hanks GR, ed, Narcissus and Daffodil, The Genus Narcissus. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis; 2002:242\u2013256. http:\/\/tr.scribd.com\/doc\/27152832\/Medicinal-and-Aromatic-Plants-Misletoe-Viscu. Accessed February 13, 2012."},{"key":"bibr5-1533317514535334","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-8009(02)00089-7"},{"key":"bibr6-1533317514535334","volume-title":"Economic Value Analysis of Snowdrop in Turkey, Ankara University, Institute of Biotechnology","author":"Demir A","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr7-1533317514535334","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-006-9043-z"},{"key":"bibr8-1533317514535334","volume-title":"Turkish Plants Red Book (E\u011freltive Tohumlu Bitkiler)","author":"Ekim T","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr9-1533317514535334","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2004.02.012"},{"key":"bibr10-1533317514535334","unstructured":"Kahn RJ. The Economic Approach to Environmental and Natural Resources. Orland, FL: The Dryden Press; 1998:88\u2013106."},{"issue":"7","key":"bibr11-1533317514535334","first-page":"930","volume":"86","author":"Kumar P","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Sc\u0131"},{"key":"bibr12-1533317514535334","first-page":"165","volume-title":"Biodiversity and Botany: The Values of Medicinal Plants","author":"Pearce D","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr13-1533317514535334","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/262021"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr14-1533317514535334","first-page":"549","volume":"12","author":"Suh HG","year":"2009","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"bibr15-1533317514535334","unstructured":"Alzheimer\u2019s Association of Turkey (AA). www.alz.org.tr\/. Accessed June 17, 2012."},{"key":"bibr16-1533317514535334","unstructured":"Ozsabuncuo\u011flu HI, U\u011fur AA. Do\u011fal Kaynaklar: Ekonomi, Y\u00f6netimve Politika, Imaj Kitapevi, Ankara, Turkey; 2005:33\u201364."},{"key":"bibr17-1533317514535334","unstructured":"Medical Company of Jansen & Jansen, private correspondence; 2012."},{"key":"bibr18-1533317514535334","unstructured":"Sustainable production of galanthamine by both in vitro culture and agricultural crops of highly galanthamine-containing plants, First Annual Report. http:\/\/www.suprogal.eu. Accessed July 9, 2012."},{"key":"bibr19-1533317514535334","unstructured":"Consumer Reports Best Buy Drugs, Evaluating prescription drugs used to treat: Alzheimer\u2019s disease. www.CRBestBuyDrugs.org. Accessed July 8, 2012."},{"key":"bibr20-1533317514535334","unstructured":"Remenly \u0130lac\u0131na ili\u015fkin ila\u00e7 kullan\u0131m prospekt\u00fcs\u00fc, T\u00fcrkiyeS\u011fl\u0131kBakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131; 2013"},{"key":"bibr21-1533317514535334","unstructured":"T.C. G\u0131dave Tar\u0131m Bakan\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 TUGEM Do\u011fal \u00c7i\u00e7ek So\u011fanlar\u0131 \u0130hracat\u0131naili\u015fkin Y\u00f6netmelikve \u0130hracat Raporu\/(TUGEM); 2012. http:\/\/www.tarim.gov.tr. Accessed June 10, 2012."},{"key":"bibr22-1533317514535334","unstructured":"Koyuncu M. Pictures of\n                      Leucojum aestivum, Turkey\n                      , 2012."}],"container-title":["American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease &amp; Other Dementias\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1533317514535334","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1533317514535334","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1533317514535334","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:19:57Z","timestamp":1777367997000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1533317514535334"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,14]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1533317514535334"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1533317514535334","relation":{},"ISSN":["1533-3175","1938-2731"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1533-3175","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-2731","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,14]]}}}