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We attempted to describe the morphological findings of the hypothalamus in early cases of AD, focusing our study mostly on the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the supraoptic nucleus (SON), and the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Samples were processed for electron microscopy and silver impregnation techniques. The hypothalamic nuclei demonstrated a substantial decrease in the neuronal population, which was particularly prominent in the SCN. Marked abbreviation of dendritic arborization, in association with spinal pathology, was also seen. The SON and PVN demonstrated a substantial number of dystrophic axons and abnormal spines. Alzheimer\u2019s pathology, such as deposits of amyloid-\u03b2 peptide and neurofibrillary degeneration, was minimal. Electron microscopy revealed mitochondrial alterations in the cell body and the dendritic branches. The morphological alterations of the hypothalamic nuclei in early cases of AD may be related to the gradual alteration of CRs and the instability of autonomic regulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317514556876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,8]],"date-time":"2014-11-08T00:47:00Z","timestamp":1415407620000},"page":"478-487","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["The Hypothalamus in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Stavros J.","family":"Baloyannis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuropathology and Electron Microscopy, Aristotelian University, Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Laboratory of Neuropathology, Institute for Research on Alzheimer\u2019s Disease, Iraklion, 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