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To address this issue, the TFA-93, a switching verbal fluency test to assess cognitive flexibility, was administered to 70 healthy controls, 57 patients with a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease, and 21 with a clinical diagnosis of a neurodegenerative disease associated with frontal disorders. Most of the participants were low-educated and nonnative French speakers. The TFA-93 comprises 2 categorical fluency tasks (animals and fruits) and a fluency task in which participants have to switch between animals and fruits. Correct responses and errors were collected, and a flexibility index expressed the switching cost. Results showed that correct responses were lower, and the switching cost was greater in both patient groups. In low-educated and multicultural populations, the TFA-93 seems to be a good alternative to assess flexibility compared to the standard neuropsychological tools based on academic abilities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317519833844","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,4]],"date-time":"2019-03-04T00:24:55Z","timestamp":1551659095000},"page":"469-477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["How to Assess Executive Functions in a Low-Educated and Multicultural Population Using a Switching Verbal Fluency Test (the TFA-93) in Neurodegenerative Diseases?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6912-2079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pauline","family":"Narme","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Equipe Neuropsychologie du Vieillissement (EA 4468), Institut de Psychologie, Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Boulogne-Billancourt, France"},{"name":"Laboratoire M\u00e9moire, Cerveau et Cognition (EA 7536), Institut de Psychologie, Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Boulogne-Billancourt, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5190-6548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Didier","family":"Maillet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Neurologie, H\u00f4pital Saint-Louis APHP, Universit\u00e9 Paris Diderot, Paris, France"},{"name":"Laboratoire PSITEC, EA 4072, UFR de psychologie, Universit\u00e9 de Lille, Pont de Bois, Villeneuve d\u2019Ascq, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliette","family":"Palisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Fonctionnelle M\u00e9moire et Maladies Neurod\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratives, Service de Neurologie, CHU Avicenne, Assistance Publique des H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Bobigny, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herv\u00e9","family":"Le Cl\u00e9siau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d\u2019Examens de Sant\u00e9 de la Caisse primaire d\u2019Assurance Maladie de la Seine-Saint-Denis, Bobigny, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Moroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire PSITEC, EA 4072, UFR de psychologie, Universit\u00e9 de Lille, Pont de Bois, Villeneuve d\u2019Ascq, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Belin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equipe Neuropsychologie du Vieillissement (EA 4468), Institut de Psychologie, Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Boulogne-Billancourt, France"},{"name":"Service de Neurologie, H\u00f4pital Saint-Louis APHP, Universit\u00e9 Paris Diderot, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1533317519833844","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acq079"},{"key":"bibr2-1533317519833844","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-394420-7.00012-6"},{"key":"bibr3-1533317519833844","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23273798.2017.1379605"},{"key":"bibr4-1533317519833844","unstructured":"The National Bureau of Economic Research. 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