{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:35:25Z","timestamp":1791419725294,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Conceptual knowledge is supported by multiple semantic systems that are specialized for the analysis of different properties associated with object concepts. Various types of semantic association between concrete concepts\u2014categorical (CA), encyclopedic (EA), functional (FA), and visual-encyclopedic (VEA) associations\u2014were tested through a new picture-to-picture matching task (semantic association task, SAT). Forty individuals with Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), 13 with behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bv-FTD), 6 with primary progressive aphasia (PPA), and 37 healthy participants were tested with the SAT. Within-group comparisons highlighted a global impairment of all types of semantic association in bv-FTD individuals but a disproportionate impairment of EA and FA, with relative sparing of CA and VEA, in AD individuals. Single-case analyses detected dissociations in all dementia groups. Conceptual knowledge can be selectively impaired in various types of neurodegenerative disease on the basis of the specific cognitive process that is disrupted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317520917294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,20]],"date-time":"2020-04-20T05:37:05Z","timestamp":1587361025000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Evaluating Semantic Knowledge Through a Semantic Association Task in Individuals With Dementia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6334-6293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Luzzatti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Mauri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Castiglioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, MultiMedica Hospital, Castellanza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Zuffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, MultiMedica Hospital, Castellanza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Spart\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Somalvico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, MultiMedica Hospital, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Franceschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, MultiMedica Hospital, Castellanza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhp055"},{"key":"bibr2-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/110.5.1273"},{"key":"bibr3-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/107.3.829"},{"key":"bibr4-1533317520917294","unstructured":"Shallice T. Impairment of Semantic Processing: Multiple Dissociations. In: Coltheart M, Sartori G, Job R, eds. The Cognitive Neuropsychology of Language, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1987;111\u2013127."},{"key":"bibr5-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.60.110707.163532"},{"key":"bibr6-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02643290244000329"},{"key":"bibr7-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02643290442000004"},{"key":"bibr8-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.132.2.163"},{"key":"bibr9-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-015-0842-3"},{"key":"bibr10-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02643290244000310"},{"key":"bibr11-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-385527-5.00008-5"},{"key":"bibr12-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.09.043"},{"key":"bibr13-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02643298808252929"},{"key":"bibr14-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1982.0070"},{"key":"bibr15-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027626"},{"key":"bibr16-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1014935108"},{"key":"bibr17-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01690960344000125"},{"key":"bibr18-1533317520917294","volume-title":"Pyramids and Palm Trees: A Test of Semantic Access from Pictures and Words","author":"Howard D","year":"1992"},{"key":"bibr19-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(08)70720-2"},{"key":"bibr20-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-012-1181-z"},{"key":"bibr21-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01067920"},{"key":"bibr22-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/359060a0"},{"key":"bibr23-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02643298808253278"},{"key":"bibr24-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.15.4.572"},{"key":"bibr25-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X01004150"},{"key":"bibr26-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0907307107"},{"key":"bibr27-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09658219508253153"},{"key":"bibr28-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2277"},{"key":"bibr29-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2015.04.015"},{"key":"bibr30-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2008.04.005"},{"key":"bibr31-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2009.12.036"},{"key":"bibr32-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-934X(03)00144-5"},{"key":"bibr33-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2016.06.008"},{"key":"bibr34-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogbrainres.2004.11.001"},{"key":"bibr35-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089892903321107800"},{"key":"bibr36-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-934X(03)00356-0"},{"key":"bibr37-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(04)00181-3"},{"key":"bibr38-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1706"},{"key":"bibr39-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00838-9"},{"key":"bibr40-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/0898929053124965"},{"key":"bibr41-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617709090742"},{"key":"bibr42-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000252820.81313.9b"},{"key":"bibr43-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.13.1.31"},{"key":"bibr44-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a006171"},{"key":"bibr45-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70266-1"},{"key":"bibr46-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.10.008"},{"key":"bibr47-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617700001685"},{"key":"bibr48-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410390205"},{"key":"bibr49-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000090563.97453.90"},{"key":"bibr50-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.20.3.319"},{"key":"bibr51-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000444848"},{"key":"bibr52-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2010.212225"},{"key":"bibr53-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000247630.29222.34"},{"key":"bibr54-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11533100-000000000-00000"},{"key":"bibr55-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31821103e6"},{"key":"bibr56-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.70.3.323"},{"key":"bibr57-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2016.06.007"},{"key":"bibr58-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnp.12097"},{"key":"bibr59-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/rev0000027"},{"key":"bibr60-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhm110"},{"key":"bibr61-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhu328"},{"key":"bibr62-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70178-3"},{"key":"bibr63-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr179"},{"key":"bibr64-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/87565649109540545"},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr65-1533317520917294","first-page":"1086","volume":"55","author":"Luzzatti C","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Psicol Neurol Psichiatr"},{"key":"bibr66-1533317520917294","volume-title":"The Visual Object and Space Perception Battery","author":"Warrington EK","year":"1991"},{"key":"bibr67-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02333660"},{"issue":"8","key":"bibr68-1533317520917294","first-page":"1","author":"Spinnler H","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ital J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr69-1533317520917294","first-page":"189","volume":"2","author":"Basso A","year":"1987","journal-title":"Funct Neurol"},{"key":"bibr70-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/clin.12.4.482.7241"},{"key":"bibr71-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02643294.2011.559158"},{"key":"bibr72-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2016.150"},{"key":"bibr73-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2009.21309"},{"key":"bibr74-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14640747508400525"},{"key":"bibr75-1533317520917294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/115.6.1783"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease &amp; Other Dementias\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1533317520917294","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1533317520917294","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1533317520917294","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:19:57Z","timestamp":1777367997000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1533317520917294"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"references-count":75,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1533317520917294"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1533317520917294","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.738125464.793575504","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1533-3175","1938-2731"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1533-3175","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-2731","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"article-number":"1533317520917294"}}