{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T23:00:21Z","timestamp":1790204421206,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1K01AG061260-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1K01AG061260-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AARF-22-924873"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AARF-22-924873"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Most dementia caregiver programs focus on a single caregiver, overlooking diverse caregiving networks that include family, friends, and relatives who provide care. We conducted a scoping review of family-centered dementia caregiving programs (ie, interventions with at least 2 caregivers) to (1) describe program components; (2) identify how family members are included; (3) summarize family-level measurements used and the effectiveness of family-centered programs on these outcomes; and (4) explore if and how programs are culturally adapted. We identified 36 articles and 10 programs (individual-family programs, n = 8; multi-family group programs, n = 2). Programs included similar content and effectiveness was reported by the primary caregiver and measured at the individual level. To better support diverse caregiving networks, caregiving programs may benefit from identifying core components of caregiving programs, including best practices in engaging family caregivers, acknowledging varied family structures and the fluidity in caregiving, and measuring strengths and deficits at the family-level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15333175251391571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T18:19:38Z","timestamp":1761416378000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Beyond the Primary Caregiver: A Scoping Review of Family-Centered Dementia Caregiving Programs"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4423-1292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra Malia","family":"Jackson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly S.","family":"O\u2019Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Gilligan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raven H.","family":"Weaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12328"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2024.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000341584"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17226\/26175"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31363-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13027"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31756-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2023.8522"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ppar\/prac002"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7599.2008.00342.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4198"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pag0000401"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07317115.2012.678190"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnz138"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geroni\/igx035"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/07334648241245527"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2015.0536"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0000000000000645"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnad036"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnaa050"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_2","unstructured":"Apesoa-Varano EC Tang-Feldman Y Reinhard SC Choula R Young HM. Multi-cultural caregiving and caregiver interventions. J Am Soc Aging. 2015;39(4):39-48. Family Caregiving (Winter 2015-16) Published online."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10823-014-9227-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10436596241286232"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnaf110"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnab147"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/19404921-20181212-04"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.15102"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbu111"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbz065"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1132065"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.48.1.243"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10061102"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.12738"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpm.12822"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14713012221144485"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_38_2","unstructured":"Blaze K Fixsen DL. Core intervention components: Identifying and operationalizing ASPE Research Brief. 2013; 21. Accessed October 22 2025 at: http:\/\/aspe.hhs.gov\/reports\/core-intervention-components-identifying-operationalizing-what-makes-programs-work-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-016-0642-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jftr.12543"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317510370957"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-016-1579-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7748\/nop.18.7.28.s16"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/43.4.521"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4768"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2008.59.4.433"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0265407587044007"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_50_2","volume-title":"Psychosocial Nursing Intervention to Promote Self-Esteem and Functional Independence Following Stroke","author":"Chang AM","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chang AM. Psychosocial Nursing Intervention to Promote Self-Esteem and Functional Independence Following Stroke. The Chinese University of Hong Kong; 1999. Published online."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2010.05537.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07317115.2011.539512"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2019.1647141"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2021.1935462"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610215001507"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030936"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0042145"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.4770150406"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2006.02.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0733464817714564"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NNR.0b013e318216007d"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2007.01593.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2013.1334"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.5.850"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/59.1.P27"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000242727.81172.91"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e3181898095"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e31805d858a"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.20.4.634"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610210000050"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/32.5.648"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00894363"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-014082"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15450"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25302\/3.2019.CE.13047160"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-047529"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2020.1774740"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gns193"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2015.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnu125"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnx048"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geroni\/igy015"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0733464816677549"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01924788.2011.647538"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301211421061"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301212437779"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2001.49090.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/0098-9134-20030101-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aphw.12120"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjhp.12203"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-800"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_92_2","unstructured":"National Institute on Aging. NIH stage model for behavioral intervention development. 2024. https:\/\/www.nia.nih.gov\/research\/dbsr\/nih-stage-model-behavioral-intervention-development#nih-stage-model-overview. Accessed November 22 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/43.6.908"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/153331750301800505"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jftr.12367"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbaf112"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08959420.2024.2320043"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2021.104536"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10935-013-0334-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1545-5300.2006.00175.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.07.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjsw\/bcy048"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/30.5.583"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease &amp; Other Dementias\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15333175251391571","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15333175251391571","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15333175251391571","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:20:48Z","timestamp":1777368048000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15333175251391571"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":102,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15333175251391571"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15333175251391571","relation":{},"ISSN":["1533-3175","1938-2731"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1533-3175","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-2731","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"article-number":"15333175251391571"}}