{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T07:32:56Z","timestamp":1787643176814,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This scoping review examines the impact of inappropriate sexual behaviors (ISBs) in people with dementia on their family caregivers. Through synthesizing 15 studies from 8 countries, 6 themes were identified: complex emotional responses, psychological distress, increased caregiver burden, practical caregiving challenges, impaired marital relationships, and social isolation. Findings reveal caregivers frequently experience helplessness, embarrassment, anger, anxiety, depression, and social withdrawal, exacerbated by societal taboos surrounding sexuality and limited professional support. Spousal caregivers are particularly affected, reporting increased emotional strain and marital distress. Practical caregiving difficulties, including safety and privacy concerns, limited access to care services, and challenging institutionalization decisions, further intensify caregiver burden. The review highlights significant research gaps, including the need for specialized assessment tools, broader and culturally diverse studies, and exploration of ISBs as distinct phenomena. Addressing these gaps is crucial for developing targeted interventions and adequately supporting caregivers, particularly within home-based and culturally sensitive dementia care services.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15333175261418909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T14:43:18Z","timestamp":1768920198000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Impact of Inappropriate Sexual Behaviors in People With Dementia on Family Caregivers: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9704-036X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huiping","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2680-6462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leah","family":"Macaden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1759-0417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colin","family":"Chandler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Dementia. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/dementia. Accessed April 1 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","volume-title":"Dementia: A Public Health Priority","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2012","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Dementia: A Public Health Priority. World Health Organization; 2012. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/dementia-a-public-health-priority. Accessed April 1, 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","volume-title":"Living Well with Dementia: A National Dementia Strategy. UK Dept of Health","author":"UK Department of Health","year":"2009","unstructured":"UK Department of Health. Living Well with Dementia: A National Dementia Strategy. UK Dept of Health, 11198. Gateway Reference; 2009. https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/living-well-with-dementia-a-national-dementia-strategy. Accessed April 1, 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjspcare-2020-002242"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/phn.12573"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/inr.12194"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2021.69"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-02787-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301213485593"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-023-04129-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","volume-title":"The IPA Complete Guides to Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) \u2013 Specialists Guide","author":"International Psychogeriatric Association","year":"2015","unstructured":"International Psychogeriatric Association. The IPA Complete Guides to Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) \u2013 Specialists Guide. International Psychogeriatric Association; 2015. https:\/\/www.ipa-online.org\/UserFiles\/file\/IPA_BPSD_Specialists_Complete_Guide_Online_2015_Final.pdf. Accessed April 1, 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2008.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1525-8610(04)70347-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-019-1090-4"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_7_17_2","first-page":"255","article-title":"Approach to inappropriate sexual behaviour in people with dementia","volume":"59","author":"Joller P","year":"2013","unstructured":"Joller P, Gupta N, Seitz DP, Frank C, Gibson M, Gill SS. Approach to inappropriate sexual behaviour in people with dementia. Can Fam Physician. 2013;59(3):255-260.","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npg.2019.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S104161029200125X"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0000000000000302"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988719874123"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2016.11.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-016-0425-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610210000189"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-2407-3_7"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004045-200301000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/00989134-20130916-05"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301211434673"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988719856688"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_7_30_2","first-page":"163","article-title":"Lived experience of caregivers of persons with dementia in Hong Kong: a qualitative study","volume":"20","author":"Chan WC","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chan WC, Ng C, Mok CCM, Wong FLF, Pang SL, Chiu HFK. Lived experience of caregivers of persons with dementia in Hong Kong: a qualitative study. East Asian Arch Psychiatry. 2010;20(4):163-168.","journal-title":"East Asian Arch Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46658\/JBIMES-24-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00391-025-02468-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5552"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01102280"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/30.1.113"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/31.2.224"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301212440873"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732317697079"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-090870"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2224\/sbp.2013.41.9.1487"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17166009"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14713012211032068"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11195-019-09589-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1749975513494878"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/9789047407560_025"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease &amp; Other Dementias\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15333175261418909","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15333175261418909","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15333175261418909","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:20:50Z","timestamp":1777368050000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15333175261418909"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15333175261418909"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15333175261418909","relation":{},"ISSN":["1533-3175","1938-2731"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1533-3175","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-2731","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"article-number":"15333175261418909"}}