{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T13:04:43Z","timestamp":1777381483165,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004694","name":"Kaohsiung Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["KMU-TC113B02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KMU-TC113B02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004694","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004737","name":"National Health Research Institutes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NHRI-11A1-CG-CO-06-2225-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NHRI-11A1-CG-CO-06-2225-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004737","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004737","name":"National Health Research Institutes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NHRI-12A1-CG-CO-06-2225-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NHRI-12A1-CG-CO-06-2225-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004737","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004737","name":"National Health Research Institutes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NHRI-13A1-CG-CO-06-2225-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NHRI-13A1-CG-CO-06-2225-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004737","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004737","name":"National Health Research Institutes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NHRI-14A1-CG-CO-06-2225-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NHRI-14A1-CG-CO-06-2225-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004737","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Timely detection of dementia is crucial for reducing its health and societal burden. Standard tools such as the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI), although widely used, are limited by time and resource demands. This study developed and validated a machine learning\u2013based screening tool using the Six-Question Dementia Screening Test (6Q-DS), a brief interview of six items. Data from 533 older adults at a neurology clinic in Taiwan (331 with dementia, 202 without) were analyzed with eXtreme Gradient Boosting. The 6Q-DS achieved an AUC of 0.936, sensitivity 0.879, specificity 0.951, and accuracy 0.907 for dementia vs non-dementia. For identifying very mild dementia vs non-dementia, the AUC was 0.874, with a sensitivity of 0.818, specificity of 0.805, and accuracy of 0.810. Comparable to MMSE and CASI, the 6Q-DS provides a practical, rapid, and user-friendly tool for dementia screening.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15333175261424333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T16:09:32Z","timestamp":1771344572000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development and Validation of a Machine Learning-Based Dementia Screening Tool: The Six-Question Dementia Screening Test"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5054-7659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meng-Tien","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3785-4109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuan-Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University"},{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ching-Fang","family":"Chien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University"},{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University"},{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ling-Chun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University"},{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University"},{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University"},{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen-Wen","family":"Yen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Sun Yat-Sen University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1918-9021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuan-Han","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University"},{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University"},{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University"},{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University"},{"name":"National Health Research Institutes"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.4782"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.2152"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370204700803"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1992.tb01992.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s1041610294001602"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000172958.95282.2a"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2017.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-122026"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0b013e31819e6881"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14111113"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-015-0099-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnp.12409"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_2","volume-title":"Machine Learning","author":"Mitchell TM","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mitchell TM. Machine Learning. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies. Inc.; 1997."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2017.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-022-00133-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2021.103293"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.36553"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2696365"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ray S. A quick review of machine learning algorithms. 2019 International Conference on Machine Learning Big Data Cloud and Parallel Computing (COMITCon); February 14-16 2019; Faridabad. 35-39.","DOI":"10.1109\/COMITCon.2019.8862451"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen T Guestrin C. XGBoost: a scalable tree boosting system. Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining; August 13-17 2016; San Francisco CA USA: Association for Computing Machinery:785-794.","DOI":"10.1145\/2939672.2939785"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-09823-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1013203451"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2009.69"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.43.11.2412-a"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21844"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.0000000000004058"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.43.2.250"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11919\/j.issn.1002-0829.218052"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/16.5.412"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chinchor N Sundheim B. MUC-5 evaluation metrics. Fifth Message Understanding Conference (MUC-5): Proceedings of a Conference Held in Baltimore Maryland; August 25-27 1993; Baltimore MD.","DOI":"10.3115\/1072017.1072023"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s1041610217002733"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmx098"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.11.1693"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2011.60"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.86"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12303"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acn.2005.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-150128"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease &amp; Other Dementias\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15333175261424333","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15333175261424333","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15333175261424333","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:20:51Z","timestamp":1777368051000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15333175261424333"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15333175261424333"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15333175261424333","relation":{},"ISSN":["1533-3175","1938-2731"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1533-3175","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-2731","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"article-number":"15333175261424333"}}