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Neuropsychological testing has shown that children with autism exhibit set-shifting deficiencies on tests such as the Wisconsin Card Sorting task but show normal inhibitory ability on variants of the Stroop color-word test. According to Minshew and Goldstein\u2019s multiple primary deficit theory, the complexity of the executive functioning task is important in determining the performance of individuals with autism. This study employed a visual-spatial task (with a Stroop-type component) to examine the integrity of executive functioning, in particular inhibition, in autism ( n= 12) and Asperger\u2019s disorder ( n= 12) under increasing levels of cognitive complexity. Whereas the Asperger\u2019s disorder group performed similarly to age and IQ-matched control participants, even at the higher levels of cognitive complexity, the high-functioning autism group displayed inhibitory deficits specifically associated with increasing cognitive load. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1534582302001002004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,28]],"date-time":"2003-04-28T10:12:24Z","timestamp":1051524744000},"page":"164-177","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Neurobehavioral Examination of Individuals with High-Functioning Autism and Asperger\u2019s Disorder Using a Fronto-Striatal Model of Dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Nicole J.","family":"Rinehart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John L.","family":"Bradshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce J.","family":"Tonge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Avril V.","family":"Brereton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Bellgrove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,1]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Manual for the child behaviour checklist, 4-18 and 1991 profile","year":"1991","author":"Achenbarch, T. 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