{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T09:13:43Z","timestamp":1777713223724,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]],"date-time":"2013-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377993600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Motorcycles have emerged as a viable mode of transport for millions in the third world. Mufflers (exhaust pipes in some countries) remain a potential \u201cAchilles\u2019 tendon\u201d or a designing flaw in the mass-produced, economical motorcycles of the developing world. Owing to the excessive temperature they attain while the hot exhaust gases pass through them and their proximity to the lower limbs while riding a motorcycle, they can lead to burns of varying nature in the lower leg. This is a descriptive retrospective study of muffler-induced lower leg burns treated at our hospital from January 2008 to December 2012. Various parameters including history, exact mode of injury, age, sex, degree and location of burn, treatment modalities, and other relevant circumstantial\/logistical factors associated with such injuries were noted; data were tabulated and statistically arranged to gain an insight into this problem. Possible interventions that may help avoid such injuries are also briefly mentioned. Certain findings that are quite distinct to the findings of a few earlier studies carried out on this topic (in the developed world) remain the highlight of our study. The typical muffler-induced burns in the Indian setting occur almost exclusively in the male pillions, most of the times in the right leg in an area near the medial maleolus, and are usually second degree and respond to conservative management. Prompt treatment can circumvent much of the dreaded complications. Preemptive efforts in designing of motorcycles and following traffic regulations at the individual level remain the key to prevention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1534734613502040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,16]],"date-time":"2013-09-16T20:15:22Z","timestamp":1379362522000},"page":"212-218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Motorcycle Muffler\u2013Induced \u201cPillion Burns\u201d of Distal Leg"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Zulqarnain","family":"Masoodi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Imran","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ansarul","family":"Haq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1534734613502040","unstructured":"McCracken P. Vietnam eats, sleeps, and dreams on motorbikes. The Christian Science Monitor. http:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/The-Culture\/2008\/1001\/vietnam-eats-sleeps-and-dreams-on-motorbikes. Published October 1, 2008. Retrieved March 11, 2009."},{"key":"bibr2-1534734613502040","volume-title":"Automotive Industry in India, Facts and Figures 1997-1998","author":"Automotive Component Manufacturers Association of India","year":"1998"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr3-1534734613502040","first-page":"90","volume":"60","author":"Shuhei (Yamaha Motor Co, Ltd, JPN), Adachi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Soc Automotive Eng Japan","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0385-7298","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"bibr4-1534734613502040","unstructured":"Worldmapper. Passenger cars. http:\/\/www.sasi.group.shef.ac.uk\/worldmapper\/display.php?selected=31#. Accessed May 28, 2013."},{"key":"bibr5-1534734613502040","unstructured":"World Bank. GDP growth (annual %). http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG. Accessed May 28, 2013."},{"key":"bibr6-1534734613502040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1223847"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr7-1534734613502040","first-page":"21","volume":"41","author":"Krishnan RT","year":"2011","journal-title":"ASCI J Manage"},{"key":"bibr8-1534734613502040","unstructured":"Cocco G. Motorcycle Design and Technology. Saint Paul, MN: Motorbooks Workshop\/MBI; 2004:119-132."},{"issue":"16","key":"bibr9-1534734613502040","first-page":"198","volume":"55","author":"Prasad BG","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Indian Med Assoc"},{"key":"bibr10-1534734613502040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-4179(02)00016-5"},{"key":"bibr11-1534734613502040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2004.11.011"},{"key":"bibr12-1534734613502040","first-page":"203","volume-title":"Paper presented at: Collection of Technical Papers\u20149th AIAA\/ASME Joint Thermophysics and Heat Transfer Proceedings","author":"Park H"},{"key":"bibr13-1534734613502040","volume-title":"Rubin\u2019s Pathology: Clinicopathologic Foundations of Medicine","author":"Rubin R","year":"2011","edition":"6"}],"container-title":["The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1534734613502040","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1534734613502040","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1534734613502040","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T10:07:38Z","timestamp":1777457258000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1534734613502040"}},"subtitle":["A Persistent Problem of Increasing Proportions in Indian Settings"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1534734613502040"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1534734613502040","relation":{},"ISSN":["1534-7346","1552-6941"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1534-7346","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6941","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]}}}