{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T13:26:48Z","timestamp":1780320408974,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]],"date-time":"2019-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559088000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction. Chronic illness and risk factors for chronic illness are rising public health concerns for individuals and health care systems. Individuals with venous leg ulceration (VLU) have at least one chronic illness. As there is a projected increase in VLU prevalence there is a need to determine concurrent prevalence of risk factors for chronic illness among this population. Methods. A cross-sectional design conducted in 8 community, nurse-led, leg ulcer clinics. Results. Fifty patients (58%, n = 29 females) were enrolled. Seventy percent were &gt;65 years old; 90% had at least one chronic illness; 60% had hypertension; 30% had atrial fibrillation; 18% had diabetes; 18% heart failure; and 28.6% musculoskeletal conditions. All had at least one risk factors for chronic illness (mean = 2.26), the most frequent being overweight (30%), obesity (30%), high cholesterol (22.2%), and restricted physical activity (22%). Participants took a mean 5.2 medications daily and 26% were on current oral antibiotics. Conclusions. Comprehensive, holistic assessment and regular reassessment with a preventative focus needs to consider chronic illness and risk factors for chronic illness. Patients with VLU are in frequent contact with their multidisciplinary team. This is an opportunity to improve care and make every encounter count.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1534734619850444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]],"date-time":"2019-05-29T05:36:58Z","timestamp":1559108218000},"page":"301-308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Prevalence of Chronic Illness and Risk Factors for Chronic Illness Among Patients With Venous Leg Ulceration: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Kelly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HSE West, Ireland"},{"name":"NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5859-8357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgina","family":"Gethin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland"},{"name":"Alliance for Research and Innovation in Wounds, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland"},{"name":"Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1534734619850444","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e5205"},{"key":"bibr2-1534734619850444","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h176"},{"key":"bibr3-1534734619850444","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-002571"},{"key":"bibr4-1534734619850444","unstructured":"Jennings SM. Preventing chronic disease: defining the problem. https:\/\/www.lenus.ie\/handle\/10147\/338212. Accessed May 25, 2015."},{"key":"bibr5-1534734619850444","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Chronic diseases and health promotion. Preventing chronic diseases: a vital investment. https:\/\/www.who.int\/chp\/chronic_disease_report\/en\/. Accessed May 26, 2015."},{"key":"bibr6-1534734619850444","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Facing the facts #1.Chronic diseases and their common risk factors. http:\/\/www.who.int\/chp\/chronic_disease_report\/media\/Factsheet1.pdf. Accessed May 25, 2015."},{"key":"bibr7-1534734619850444","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global Health Observatory (GHO) data. Mean body mass index (BMI): situation and trends. https:\/\/www.who.int\/gho\/ncd\/risk_factors\/bmi_text\/en\/. Accessed May 27, 2015."},{"key":"bibr8-1534734619850444","unstructured":"An Roinn Slainte, Department of Health. Tackling chronic disease\u2014a policy framework for the management of chronic dieases. https:\/\/health.gov.ieblog\/publications\/tackling-chronic-disease-a-policy-framework-for-the-management-of-chronic-diseases\/. Published June 24, 2008. Accessed April 27, 2015."},{"key":"bibr9-1534734619850444","unstructured":"Busse RB, Blumel M, Scheller-Kreinsen D, Zentner A. Tackling chronic disease in Europe: strategies interventions and challenges. http:\/\/www.euro.who.int\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0008\/96632\/E93736.pdf. Published 2010. Accessed May 10, 2019."},{"key":"bibr10-1534734619850444","first-page":"49","volume":"79","author":"Dale J","year":"1983","journal-title":"Nurs Times"},{"key":"bibr11-1534734619850444","first-page":"10","volume-title":"A Colour Guide to the Assessment and Management of Leg Ulcers","volume":"1994","author":"Morison M","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr12-1534734619850444","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.290.6485.1855"},{"key":"bibr13-1534734619850444","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03166911"},{"key":"bibr14-1534734619850444","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2006.15.9.26963"},{"key":"bibr15-1534734619850444","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hch075"},{"key":"bibr16-1534734619850444","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12387","volume":"13","author":"Jockenh\u00f6fer F","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"key":"bibr17-1534734619850444","unstructured":"Lenus, The Irish Health Repository. Home page. http:\/\/www.lenus.ie\/hse\/handle\/10147\/3384792015. Accessed May 26, 2015."},{"key":"bibr18-1534734619850444","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.1998.7.8.383"},{"key":"bibr19-1534734619850444","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2014.23.12.601"},{"key":"bibr20-1534734619850444","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2009.18.10.44602"},{"key":"bibr21-1534734619850444","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2009.03151.x"},{"key":"bibr22-1534734619850444","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mva.2002.121128"},{"key":"bibr23-1534734619850444","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2004.02276.x"},{"key":"bibr24-1534734619850444","unstructured":"Patient Safety Tool Box Talks\u00a9. Effective care & support. Tissue viability leg ulcer assessment & management. https:\/\/www.hse.ie\/eng\/about\/who\/qid\/resourcespublications\/tool-box-talks\/tissue-viability-leg-ulcer-assessment-and-management.pdf. Accessed July 3, 2014."},{"key":"bibr25-1534734619850444","unstructured":"Healthcare Improvement Scotland. Management of chronic venous leg ulcers: a national clinical guideline. https:\/\/www.sign.ac.uk\/assets\/sign120.pdf. Accessed July 3, 2014."},{"key":"bibr26-1534734619850444","unstructured":"Royal College of Nursing. The Management of Patients With Venous Leg Ulcers: Audit Protocol. London, England: Royal College of Nursing; 2000."},{"key":"bibr27-1534734619850444","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0965-206X(03)80026-8"},{"key":"bibr28-1534734619850444","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/bjcn.2014.19.Sup6.S11"},{"key":"bibr29-1534734619850444","unstructured":"Central Statistics Office. Population. Statistical releases. https:\/\/www.cso.ie\/en\/statistics\/population\/. Accessed June 4, 2015."},{"key":"bibr30-1534734619850444","unstructured":"Malnutrition Advisory Group. Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool. https:\/\/www.bapen.org.uk\/pdfs\/must\/must_full.pdf. Accessed May 23, 2015."},{"key":"bibr31-1534734619850444","unstructured":"Irish Heart Foundation. A healthy cholesterol to reduce your risk of heart disease and stroke. https:\/\/irishheart.ie\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/a_healthy_cholesterol_2011__final.pdf. Accessed May 23, 2015."},{"key":"bibr32-1534734619850444","unstructured":"World Health Organization. The challenge of obesity in the WHO European Region and the strategies for response. http:\/\/www.euro.who.int\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0010\/74746\/E90711.pdf?ua=1. Accessed May 25, 2015."},{"key":"bibr33-1534734619850444","unstructured":"Health Service Executive. About the alcohol programme\u2014Healthy Ireland. http:\/\/www.hse.ie\/go\/alcohol. Accessed May 27, 2015."},{"key":"bibr34-1534734619850444","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60240-2"},{"key":"bibr35-1534734619850444","unstructured":"Morgan K, McGee H, Watson D, et al. SLAN 2007: survey of lifestyle, attitudes & nutrition in Ireland: main report. Psycho-logy Reports. 2008;3. https:\/\/epubs.rcsi.ie\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=psycholrep. Published January 1, 2008. Accessed May 10, 2019."},{"key":"bibr36-1534734619850444","unstructured":"Barrett A, Bruke H, Cronin H, et al. Fifty plus in Ireland 2011: first results from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). Psychology Reports. 2011;45. https:\/\/epubs.rcsi.ie\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1047&context=psycholrep. Published January 1, 2011. Accessed May 10, 2019."},{"key":"bibr37-1534734619850444","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arthritis Ireland. About Fit for Work. https:\/\/www.arthritisireland.ie\/go\/fit_for_work\/about_fit_for_work. Accessed July 3, 2015.","DOI":"10.1787\/9789264228283-1-en"},{"key":"bibr38-1534734619850444","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1534734606292429"},{"key":"bibr39-1534734619850444","unstructured":"Hickey P, Evans DS. Smoking in Ireland 2014: synopsis of key patterns. https:\/\/www.hse.ie\/eng\/about\/who\/tobaccocontrol\/research\/smokinginireland2014.pdf. Published February 2015. Accessed May 26, 2015."},{"key":"bibr40-1534734619850444","unstructured":"Brugha R, Tully N, Dicker P, Shelley E, Ward M, McGee H. SL\u00c1N 2007: survey of lifestyle, attitudes and nutrition in Ireland. Smoking patterns in Ireland: implications for policy and services. Psychology Reports. 2009;12. https:\/\/core.ac.uk\/download\/pdf\/60774242.pdf. Published January 1, 2009. Accessed May 10, 2019."},{"key":"bibr41-1534734619850444","unstructured":"Safe Food. Your child\u2019s weight . A guide to preventing childhood obesity. Health Service Executive. https:\/\/www.hse.ie\/eng\/services\/campaigns\/obesitybooklet.pdf. Published October 2013. Accessed July 3, 2015."},{"key":"bibr42-1534734619850444","unstructured":"Safe Food. Let\u2019s take on childhood obesity. https:\/\/www.safefood.eu\/Utility\/About-Us\/Campaigns\/Let-s-take-on-Childhood-Obesity.aspx. Published October 21, 2013. Accessed June 3, 2015."},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr43-1534734619850444","first-page":"CD003557","author":"O\u2019Meara S","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"bibr44-1534734619850444","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2009.18.5.42172"},{"key":"bibr45-1534734619850444","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.13474"},{"key":"bibr46-1534734619850444","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198113483139"}],"container-title":["The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1534734619850444","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1534734619850444","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1534734619850444","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T10:04:11Z","timestamp":1777457051000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1534734619850444"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1534734619850444"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1534734619850444","relation":{},"ISSN":["1534-7346","1552-6941"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1534-7346","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6941","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]]}}}