{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T07:38:16Z","timestamp":1780472296383,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]],"date-time":"2020-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580256000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Livedo racemosa is a cutaneous finding characterized by a persistent, erythematous, or violaceous discoloration of the skin, in a broken, branched, discontinuous, and irregular pattern. A retrospective review of 33 cases with clinical diagnosis of livedo racemosa over the past 6 years was evaluated in the dermatology department of a tertiary care hospital. We found predominance in Caucasian women (78.8%); age ranged from 8 to 81 years, with a mean age of 36 years. Livedo racemosa was described as generalized in 12 patients (36.4%), although the main localization was on lower limbs (42%). After laboratory testing and histopathological examinations, 12 patients (36.4%) were classified with idiopathic livedo racemosa; secondary diseases were diagnosis in 21 patients (63.6%), including Sneddon\u2019s syndrome, cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa, systemic lupus erythematosus, and others. Medical history of thrombotic events was described in 8 (24.2%) patients, and also 8 (24.2%) patients had abnormal results for 2 or more thrombophilia laboratory tests. Skin biopsy showed no histological abnormalities in 11 cases (33.3%), thrombosis of dermal blood vessels in 10 (30.3%), intimal\/subintimal thickening in 7 (21.2%), and vasculitis in 5 (15.2%). In conclusion, livedo racemosa is a clinical feature that might be correlated to vascular disorders, such as thrombotic and\/or hypercoagulable states, autoimmune diseases, and neoplastic diseases, or it can be secondary to specific medications. It is essential to establish a correct approach in cases of livedo racemosa, which includes anamnesis, physical examination, laboratory test, histological examination, and complementary examination according to clinical findings, in order to diagnosis underlying causes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1534734619896938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,30]],"date-time":"2020-01-30T01:19:47Z","timestamp":1580347187000},"page":"22-28","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Livedo Racemosa: Clinical, Laboratory, and Histopathological Findings in 33 Patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Marcella Soares","family":"Pincelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina, Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandra Maria Jimenez","family":"Echavarria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina, Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9785-6099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo Ricardo","family":"Criado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0053-438X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela Franco","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina, Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Th\u00e2mara Cristiane Alves Batista","family":"Morita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina, Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neusa Yuriko Sakai","family":"Valente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina, Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9lio Freire","family":"de Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Bahia, Hospital Universitario Prof. Edgard Santos, Salvador BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1534734619896938","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-0960.2011.00749.x"},{"key":"bibr2-1534734619896938","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-7310(08)74756-2"},{"key":"bibr3-1534734619896938","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-0960.2011.00819.x"},{"key":"bibr4-1534734619896938","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2019-232670"},{"key":"bibr5-1534734619896938","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2007.10.011"},{"key":"bibr6-1534734619896938","first-page":"322","volume":"18","author":"Legierse CM","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J 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