{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T08:55:43Z","timestamp":1777712143586,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,30]],"date-time":"2020-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580342400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013342","name":"nihr imperial biomedical research centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013342","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This review aims to summarize the evidence reported on the use of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in individuals with diabetic foot ulceration (DFU). A systematic search of EMBASE and MEDLINE databases was performed in February 2019, using search terms relating to the domains DFU and NMES. All primary evidence assessing outcomes of NMES in DFU were included. Of 344 references obtained from database searching, 7 met the inclusion criteria and included a total of 140 participants, 77 of whom had DFU. All included studies used prospective designs. Two studies demonstrated improvements in chronic ulcer healing with NMES use; however, in each study, only 3 of the included participants had DFU and subgroup analyses based on ulcer etiology was omitted. The remaining 5 studies were produced by the same research group and positive effects of NMES (in combination with heat therapy) on DFU healing were consistently demonstrated. They reported significantly better healing rates with NMES in DFU than in nondiabetic wounds of a similar grade (healing rate: 70.0 \u00b1 32.3% in DFU vs 38.4 \u00b1 22.3% in nondiabetic ulcers [ P &lt; .01]). These studies did not provide data assessing the isolated effects of NMES without concomitant heat exposure. Data on device tolerability and compliance were lacking. The existing data support a potential role for NMES in individuals with DFU; however, the identified studies inadequately controlled for confounding and were underpowered. Given the significant morbidity and mortality associated with DFU, higher quality evidence is needed to assess the adjunctive role for NMES in this group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1534734619898978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,30]],"date-time":"2020-01-30T23:47:26Z","timestamp":1580428046000},"page":"242-250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Narrative Review of the Use of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in Individuals With Diabetic Foot Ulceration"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6990-7087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard James","family":"Goodall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London, London, UK"},{"name":"Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Langridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London, London, UK"},{"name":"Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8681-7075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tristan","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London, London, UK"},{"name":"Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alun Huw","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London, London, UK"},{"name":"Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1011-7440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Shalhoub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London, London, UK"},{"name":"Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1534734619898978","unstructured":"International Diabetes Federation. Annual report 2016. https:\/\/www.idf.org\/component\/attachments\/?task=download&id=1153. Accessed December 19, 2019."},{"key":"bibr2-1534734619898978","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2016.1231932"},{"key":"bibr3-1534734619898978","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-008544"},{"key":"bibr4-1534734619898978","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2015.04.007"},{"key":"bibr5-1534734619898978","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Diabetic foot problems: prevention and management. https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng19\/chapter\/1-recommendations. Published August 2015. 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