{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:11:04Z","timestamp":1787505064052,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]],"date-time":"2020-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588636800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003970","name":"isfahan university of medical sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Not applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Not applicable"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003970","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Atypical or refractory diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are still a major health problem. Maggot debridement therapy (MDT) by larva of Lucilia sericata is an ancient and a modern option for wound healing. It works by debridement, stimulation of wound healing, and disinfection. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of MDT for healing atypical and refractory DFUs. Patients with atypical DFUs were selected and further evaluated for some predefined differential diagnoses like atypical fungal, parasitic, or bacterial infections, malignancy, trauma, and so on. Multiple MDT sessions were carried out. Ulcer size was measured before every MDT session. Complete wound healing, time to heal, and adverse effects were recorded as well. Forty-two DFU patients (26 men, 16 women) with 42 nonhealing atypical ulcers participated in this study. Complete wound healing was achieved in 35 patients (83.3%) by MDT. Complete debridement and then healing of the wounds happened in less than 1.79 \u00b1 0.8 months. Four ulcers persisted, and 3 (7.1%) were eventually amputated. MDT may be considered as an effective treatment for atypical DFUs, which are unresponsive to conventional therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1534734620920403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]],"date-time":"2020-05-06T01:04:31Z","timestamp":1588727071000},"page":"315-320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Efficacy of Maggot Debridement Therapy on Refractory Atypical Diabetic Foot Ulcers: An Open-Label Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0590-6410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mansour","family":"Siavash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Najjarnezhad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nader","family":"Mohseni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Mohammad","family":"Abtahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azadeh","family":"Karimy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Islamic Azad University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Hosein","family":"Sabzevari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Islamic Azad University of Shahreza, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1534734620920403","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2016.1231932"},{"key":"bibr2-1534734620920403","first-page":"382","volume":"13","author":"Chan DC","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med J"},{"key":"bibr3-1534734620920403","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.324.7330.160"},{"key":"bibr4-1534734620920403","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12063"},{"key":"bibr5-1534734620920403","first-page":"61","volume":"183","author":"Steed DL","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"bibr6-1534734620920403","first-page":"32","volume":"10","author":"Sieggreen MY","year":"1997","journal-title":"Adv Wound Care"},{"key":"bibr7-1534734620920403","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.1997.6.4.179"},{"key":"bibr8-1534734620920403","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200102040-00003"},{"key":"bibr9-1534734620920403","first-page":"97","volume":"7","author":"Sherman RA.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bull Eur Tissue Repair Soc"},{"key":"bibr10-1534734620920403","first-page":"18","volume":"5","author":"Cazander G","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Wound Technol"},{"key":"bibr11-1534734620920403","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/180916b0"},{"key":"bibr12-1534734620920403","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/uri:pii:S0022214334903309"},{"key":"bibr13-1534734620920403","unstructured":"National Center for Health Statistics. 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