{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T02:24:17Z","timestamp":1790130257322,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]],"date-time":"2021-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636934400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Bureau of Chengdu city","award":["Grant No. 2017-CY02-00028-GX"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No. 2017-CY02-00028-GX"]}]},{"name":"Health Medical Big Data Application and Innovation Project in Sichuan","award":["Grant No.2018gfgw001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No.2018gfgw001"]}]},{"name":"Science and Techology Bureau of Sichuan Province","award":["Grant No. 2021JDKP004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No. 2021JDKP004"]}]},{"name":"1.3.5 Project for disciplines of excellence, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","award":["Grant No. ZYGD18025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No. ZYGD18025"]}]},{"name":"West China Nursing Discipline Development Special Fund Project, Sichuan University","award":["Grant No. HXHL20005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No. HXHL20005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The venous leg ulcers are debilitating, painful, and often unresponsive to advanced dressing treatments, so drugs used locally and systematically are essential adjuvant therapy\u2014pentoxifylline (PTX) whose anti-inflammatory effects may offer a promising avenue to treat venous leg ulcers. However, the current results are controversial. To further evaluate the efficacy and safety of PTX, we performed an updated meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials of PTX in the treatment of venous leg ulcers. We systematically searched multiple electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China Science and Technology Journal Database, WanFang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database to identify eligible studies. Randomized clinical trials of pentoxifylline versus placebo treatment in patients with venous leg ulcers were considered for inclusion. The primary outcomes included ulcer healing rate and the incidence of adverse events after treatment. The secondary outcomes were the ulcer significant improvement (the ulcer size shrank by more than 60% after treatment) rate, mean duration of complete wound healing and changes in mean ulcer size. A meta-analysis and qualitative analysis were conducted to estimate endpoints. A total of 13 randomized clinical trials, including 921 individuals, were finally included. Compared with placebo, pentoxifylline significantly improved the ulcer healing rate (RR\u2009=\u20091.59, 95%CI 1.22 to 2.07, P\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) and significant improvement rate (RR\u2009=\u20092.36, 95%CI 1.31 to 4.24, P\u2009=\u2009.004) while increased the incidence of gastrointestinal disturbances (RR\u2009=\u20092.29, 95%CI 1.04 to 5.03, P\u2009=\u2009.04) at the same time. Moreover, pentoxifylline also shortened mean duration of complete wound healing ( P\u2009=\u2009.007) and shrank ulcer size ( P\u2009=\u2009.02). Currently available evidence suggests that pentoxifylline could help venous leg ulcers heal more quickly and effectively. However, the evidence is insufficient to prove the results due to moderate-certainty evidence. Large-scale, well-designed randomized clinical trials are warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15347346211050769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]],"date-time":"2021-11-15T10:07:07Z","timestamp":1636970827000},"page":"264-274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Efficacy and Safety of Pentoxifylline for Venous Leg Ulcers: An Updated Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0229-6066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shi-Yi","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation Center for Wound Repair, Diabetic Foot Care Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation Center for Wound Repair, Diabetic Foot Care Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun-Yi","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation Center for Wound Repair, Diabetic Foot Care Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing-Wu","family":"Ran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation Center for Wound Repair, Diabetic Foot Care Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-15347346211050769","volume":"8167","author":"Lim CS","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br Med J."},{"key":"bibr2-15347346211050769","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000021608"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr3-15347346211050769","first-page":"298","volume":"100","author":"Bonkemeyer Millan S","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"bibr4-15347346211050769","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0268355520935739"},{"key":"bibr5-15347346211050769","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12071"},{"key":"bibr6-15347346211050769","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/17512433.2016.1109443"},{"key":"bibr7-15347346211050769","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2298\/SARH06S2119V"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr8-15347346211050769","volume":"53","author":"Belcaro G","year":"2002","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"bibr9-15347346211050769","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.300.6730.972"},{"key":"bibr10-15347346211050769","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/03007999209111520"},{"key":"bibr11-15347346211050769","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.319.7214.875"},{"key":"bibr12-15347346211050769","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-475X.1999.00208.x"},{"key":"bibr13-15347346211050769","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2006.09.043"},{"key":"bibr14-15347346211050769","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0268355515587194"},{"issue":"7","key":"bibr15-15347346211050769","first-page":"190","volume":"24","author":"Hossien P","year":"2012","journal-title":"Wounds"},{"key":"bibr16-15347346211050769","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2385"},{"key":"bibr17-15347346211050769","unstructured":"Higgins J, Thomas J, Chandler J, et al. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 6.2 (updated February 2021). Cochrane. 2021. Available from www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"bibr18-15347346211050769","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr19-15347346211050769","first-page":"151","volume":"12","author":"Apollonio A","year":"1992","journal-title":"Giornale Italiano di Angiologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr20-15347346211050769","first-page":"9","volume":"10","author":"Nikolovska S","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Dermatovener Cr"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr21-15347346211050769","first-page":"157","volume":"71","author":"Herdy CDC","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arq Bras Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr22-15347346211050769","first-page":"453","volume":"48","author":"Pizarro I AE","year":"1996","journal-title":"Revista de Cirug\u00eda"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr23-15347346211050769","first-page":"34","volume":"32","author":"Arenas R","year":"1988","journal-title":"Dermatol Rev Mex Seg Epoca"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr24-15347346211050769","first-page":"143","volume":"3","author":"Weitgasser H","year":"1983","journal-title":"Pharmatherapeutica"},{"issue":"21","key":"bibr25-15347346211050769","first-page":"2343","volume":"36","author":"Schurmann W","year":"1986","journal-title":"Therapiewoche"},{"issue":"12","key":"bibr26-15347346211050769","volume":"12","author":"Jull AB","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr27-15347346211050769","volume":"25","author":"Mirshahi S","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"bibr28-15347346211050769","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.29812"},{"key":"bibr29-15347346211050769","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.7b00523"},{"key":"bibr30-15347346211050769","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-020-01219-y"},{"key":"bibr31-15347346211050769","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2019.05.005"},{"key":"bibr32-15347346211050769","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0897190015608274"},{"key":"bibr33-15347346211050769","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2019.102902"},{"key":"bibr34-15347346211050769","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-018-0654-4"}],"container-title":["The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15347346211050769","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15347346211050769","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15347346211050769","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T10:04:57Z","timestamp":1777457097000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15347346211050769"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15347346211050769"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15347346211050769","relation":{},"ISSN":["1534-7346","1552-6941"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1534-7346","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6941","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]]}}}