{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T07:32:17Z","timestamp":1793345537202,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]],"date-time":"2022-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657756800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The general anesthetic sevoflurane is being repurposed as a topical analgesic for painful chronic wounds. This study was aimed to compare the analgesic effectiveness and safety of systemic analgesics alone or plus at-home topical sevoflurane for the management of patients with painful nonrevascularizable leg ulcers who were referred to a Pain Clinic by their attending vascular surgeons. We reviewed charts of patients treated in a single Pain Clinic with analgesic Standard of Care either alone (group SoC) or plus at-home topical sevoflurane (group SoC\u2009+\u2009Sevo), according to safety criteria. The area under the curve of pain over a year (AUC-Pain) was the primary outcome for analgesic effectiveness. Opioids were converted into Oral Morphine Milligram Equivalents. Groups SoC (n\u2009=\u200926) and SoC\u2009+\u2009Sevo (n\u2009=\u200938) were similar in baseline characteristics. Compared to SoC, median values [interquartile range] of area under the curve of pain for one-year follow-up were markedly lower for SoC\u2009+\u2009Sevo (54 [35-65]\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">vs.<\/jats:italic>\n                    15 [11-23]; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.000001, U Mann-Whitney test). Oral Morphine Milligram Equivalents were similar at baseline (SoC: 78.5 [22.5-135]\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">vs.<\/jats:italic>\n                    SoC\u2009+\u2009Sevo: 101.3 [30-160]; p\u2009=\u20090.753), but significantly lower for SoC\u2009+\u2009Sevo at three (120 [22.5-202.5]\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">vs.<\/jats:italic>\n                    30 [0-80]; p\u2009=\u20090.005), six (120 [11.3-160] vs. 20 [0-67.5]; p\u2009=\u20090.004), nine (114.4 [0-154]\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">vs.<\/jats:italic>\n                    0 [0-37]; p\u2009=\u20090.018), and 12 months (114.4 [0-154]\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">vs.<\/jats:italic>\n                    0 [0-20]; p\u2009=\u20090.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed the addition of sevoflurane to be the most likely variable to explain this difference in outcome (\u00df:\u221233.408; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.000001). Nine patients (24%) in SoC\u2009+\u2009Sevo had adverse effects attributed to sevoflurane, but only one patient needed to stop using sevoflurane due severe dermatitis. In conclusion, the addition of topical sevoflurane to the analgesic standard of care in patients with painful nonrevascularizable leg ulcers was a well-tolerated therapy that significantly improved pain control and allowed for a significant reduction in opioid consumption.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15347346221111418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]],"date-time":"2022-07-14T04:10:12Z","timestamp":1657771812000},"page":"926-936","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["At-home Topical Sevoflurane Added to the Conventional Analgesic Treatment for Painful leg Ulcers Greatly Improved the Analgesic Effectiveness and Reduced Opioid Consumption in a Single-Center Retrospective Comparative Study with one-Year Follow-up"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Manuel","family":"Corti\u00f1as-S\u00e1enz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Complejo Hospitalario Torrec\u00e1rdenas"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"D\u00e1maso Fern\u00e1ndez-Gin\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Complejo Hospitalario Torrec\u00e1rdenas"},{"name":"Hospital La Inmaculada, Hu\u00e9rcal Overa, Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Selva-Sevilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Castilla-La Mancha University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9911-7572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Ger\u00f3nimo-Pardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gerencia de Atenci\u00f3n Integrada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2018.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2013.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2014.23.12.601"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjspcare-2017-001359"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2019.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1496"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","first-page":"423","article-title":"Identifying and prioritising adverse episodes and failures related to patient safety in pain treatment units [in Spanish]","volume":"59","author":"P\u00e9rez L\u00e1zaro JJ","year":"2012","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez L\u00e1zaro JJ, Fern\u00e1ndez Ruiz I, Tejedor Fern\u00e1ndez M, et al. Identifying and prioritising adverse episodes and failures related to patient safety in pain treatment units [in Spanish]. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim. 2012;59(8):423-429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.redar.2012.04.023","journal-title":"Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","article-title":"Topical agents or dressings for pain in venous leg ulcers","volume":"11","author":"Briggs M","year":"2012","unstructured":"Briggs M, Nelson EA, Martyn-St James M. Topical agents or dressings for pain in venous leg ulcers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;11(11):CD001177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD001177.pub3","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","first-page":"46","article-title":"Analgesic effect of topical sevoflurane on ischaemic wound in a patient with ischaemic cardiopathy and respiratory failure secondary to morphine [in Spanish]","volume":"6","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Monsalve A, Ger\u00f3nimo-Pardo M. Analgesic effect of topical sevoflurane on ischaemic wound in a patient with ischaemic cardiopathy and respiratory failure secondary to morphine [in Spanish]. Heridas y Cicatrizaci\u00f3n. 2011;6(2):46-49.","journal-title":"Heridas y Cicatrizaci\u00f3n"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2018.08.175"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","first-page":"268","article-title":"Locally applied sevoflurane: an analgesic and therapeutic alternative in difficulty chronic ulcers [in Spanish]","volume":"42","author":"L\u00f3pez-Riascos SD","year":"2019","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Riascos SD, Rivas-Ram\u00edrez C, Carrillo-Torres O. Locally applied sevoflurane: an analgesic and therapeutic alternative in difficulty chronic ulcers [in Spanish]. 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Med Paliat. 2020;27(2):263-267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20986\/medpal.2020.1130\/2019.","journal-title":"Med Paliat"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1621757"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","first-page":"16","article-title":"The analgesic effect of topical sevoflurane on painful varicose ulcers in ambulatory patients [in Spanish]","volume":"1","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Monsalve A","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Monsalve A, Ger\u00f3nimo-Pardo M. The analgesic effect of topical sevoflurane on painful varicose ulcers in ambulatory patients [in Spanish]. 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