{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T22:30:50Z","timestamp":1779402650934,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715731200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Refractory diabetic foot ulcer (rDFU) and osteomyelitis (diabetic foot osteomyelitis [DFO]) are a major problem in people with diabetes. Often resulting from multidrug-resistant polymicrobial infection, these may result in amputation or nonhealing ulcers. In this nonrandomized open-label study, we looked at the outcome of treatment with rifampicin in patients with nonhealing diabetic foot ulcers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with DFUs (n\u2009=\u200967, n\u2009=\u200955 with DFO) unresponsive to conventional antimicrobial therapy for &gt;3 months (rDFU) were taken as the study group. All patients received rifampicin for a minimum of 3 months (maximum 6 months if DUFs did not heal after 3 months) in addition to standard antibiotics and compared with similar kind of DFUs (n\u2009=\u200968, n\u2009=\u200955 DFO) who formed the control group, treated with conventional antimicrobial therapy. Patients were followed up for 12 months. Healing of DFU at 6 months and amputation were primary endpoints of the study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, 43 patients (64.2%) in the rifampicin group healed at 3 months and another 4 patients healed when rifampicin was continued for 6 months (n\u2009=\u200947, 70.1%). In the control group, 11 patients healed at 3 months (16.2%) and 25 patients healed at 6 months (36.8%). In total, 14 patients (20.9%) in the study group and 29 patients (42.6%) in the control group had to undergo minor amputation. Comparison between the rate of healing at 3 and 6 months and minor amputation between the study group and control group showed statistically significant results (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u2009.00001, &lt;.00001, and .008, respectively). In total, 6 and 8 patients despite healing of the primary ulcer had a subsequent recurrence of ulcer in the rifampicin and control group, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rifampicin used in conjunction with other standard poly-microbial therapy in refractory complex diabetic foot ulcer unresponsive to standard antimicrobial therapy, can significantly improve wound healing as well as decrease the need for amputation in addition to standard of care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15347346241229890","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T02:08:33Z","timestamp":1715825313000},"page":"543-549","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Rifampicin in the Treatment of Refractory Diabetic Foot Ulcer and Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis\u2014an Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Ghanshyam","family":"Goyal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ILS Hospital, Saltlake, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sujoy","family":"Majumdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peerless Hospital, Kolkata"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Usashi B.","family":"Bose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ILS Hospital, Saltlake, Kolkata, India"},{"name":"Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rekha","family":"Shrivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ILS Hospital, Saltlake, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satish P.","family":"Banka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ILS Hospital, Saltlake, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jugal K.","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3186-4122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward B.","family":"Jude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tameside and Glossop Integrated Care NHS Foundation Trust"},{"name":"University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"},{"name":"Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548.2013.765589"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8598.161545"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis460"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(01)00094-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.1999.00132.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_700_20"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"166","article-title":"Clinical and bacteriological profile of diabetic foot infections in Pattukkottai area hospitals, Tamil Nadu, India","volume":"3","author":"Manikandan C","year":"2015","unstructured":"Manikandan C, Prabhakaran P. 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Spectrum of microbial flora in diabetic foot ulcers. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2008;51(2):204-208.","journal-title":"Indian J Pathol Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-10-193"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens2020288"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12790"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","first-page":"311","article-title":"An evidence based narrative review on treatment of diabetic foot osteomyelitis","volume":"18","author":"Aiccale R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aiccale R, Maffulli N, Cipollaro L, et al. An evidence based narrative review on treatment of diabetic foot osteomyelitis. 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