{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T09:01:15Z","timestamp":1777712475311,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To clarify the clinical characteristics of autoimmune disease (AID)-related ulcers to improve treatment outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The medical records of 189 patients treated for AID-related ulcers at two tertiary hospitals in Nanjing, China, from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. The relevant clinical data included diagnosis, type and severity of wounds, and prescribed medications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 189 patients with AID-related ulcers, 146 (77.25%) were female and 43 (22.75%) were male. The top four immunological diagnoses were rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, and vasculitis. The four most common wound sites were the lower limb, foot, hand, and upper limb. Regarding the number of wounds, 81 (42.86%) patients had one ulcer, 43 (22.75%) had two, 30 (15.87%) had three, and 35 (18.52%) had four or more. More than half of the patients (54%, 102\/189) were previously treated for AID-related ulcers. Of these 102 patients, 27 (26.47%) had one previous diagnosis, 49 (40.83%) had two, and 26 (25.49%) had three or more. Among all 189 patients, 142 (75%) had clinical symptoms of local infection. Of these 142 patients, bacteria cultures were conducted for 70 (49.30%), of which 63 (90.00%) were positive. The most commonly detected bacteria were\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The median (interquartile range) duration of AID-related ulcers was 55 (39, 90) days. Most patients (87.3%, 165\/189) received systemic therapy with immunosuppressants and hormones.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The most common clinical characteristics of AID-associated ulcers were spontaneous rupture, long duration, multiple wounds, bacterial infection, and recurrence. Clarification of the clinical characteristics of AID-associated ulcers can improve treatment outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15347346251326251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T13:28:06Z","timestamp":1742218086000},"page":"605-610","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clarification of the Clinical Characteristics of Autoimmune Disease-Related Ulcers to Improve Treatment Outcomes: A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Min","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wound Care Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongyun","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wound Care Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"En","family":"Takashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Basic &amp; Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Nursing, Nagano College of Nursing, Nagano, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yansen","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wound Care Center, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Library and Information Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Outpatient Department, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9658-7309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yajuan","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10165-009-0184-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12395"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobcr.2021.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.90.9.1463"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/650.2018.31064"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2019.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1532-3382(12)70051-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.15186"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13671-016-0157-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2016.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01827"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn501120-20211019-00358"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3453"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102743"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","first-page":"798","volume-title":"Internal medicine","author":"Junbo G","year":"2018","unstructured":"Junbo G, Yongjian X. Internal medicine. Edition 9. People's Medical Publishing House; 2018, p. 798-799 [in Chinese].","edition":"9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","unstructured":"International Wound Infection Institute (IWII). Wound infection in clinical practice. 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