{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T01:10:24Z","timestamp":1788570624898,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]],"date-time":"2025-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745712000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]],"date-time":"2025-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745712000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Firstkind Ltd","award":["FSK-SPECKLE-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FSK-SPECKLE-001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To measure the effect of neuromuscular stimulation of the common peroneal nerve on the microvascular blood flow within the wound bed of diabetic foot ulcers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Research Design and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>13 patients with diabetic foot ulcers (11 neuropathic, 2 neuroischemic) were recruited. Microvascular flux and pulsatility were measured in real time in the wound bed, and at the wound edge, using Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (Moor FLPI-2; Moor Instruments Ltd, Axminster, United Kingdom). Changes from baseline were measured when the leg muscle pump was activated by 1\u2005Hz neuromuscular stimulation of the common peroneal nerve, using a wearable device (geko, Firstkind Ltd Daresbury, United Kingdom).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the 11 neuropathic ulcers, significant increases were seen in all microvascular parameters. Wound bed flux increased by 36% (95%CI 11%-68%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.002), and peri-wound flux increased by 92% (95%CI 46%-160%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.001). Pulsatility in the wound bed increased by 183% (95%CI 61%-517%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.005), while pulsatility in the peri-wound increases by 359% (95%CI 264%-455%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.001). Additionally, an increase in flux and pulsatility was observed in the neuroischemic ulcers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neuromuscular stimulation of the common peroneal nerve presents a mode of activating the leg muscle pump without additional pressure insult to the foot and has potential to support the microcirculation during wound-healing, effectively emulating exercise without any of the attendant risks of exercise to the neuropathic or neuroischemic foot.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15347346251331254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T01:59:47Z","timestamp":1745805587000},"page":"594-604","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Neuromuscular Electrostimulation of the Common Peroneal Nerve Increases Microvascular Flux in the Wound bed of Diabetic Foot Ulcers"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"David C.","family":"Bosanquet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"South East Wales Vascular Network, Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Cwmbran, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Blow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South East Wales Vascular Network, Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Cwmbran, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faye","family":"Ashton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield University Hospital, Leicester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0048-3279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keith","family":"Harding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Cardiff University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570161117666190405165911"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.10578"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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